0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Model release date Score (%) gpt-4-0314
Released: Mar 2023
Score: 35.7%
95% CI: [33.4%, 38.1%]
Date source: curated gpt-4-0613
Released: Jun 2023
Score: 30.7%
95% CI: [28.3%, 33.0%]
Date source: curated Yi-34B-Chat
Released: Nov 2023
Score: 14.7%
95% CI: [13.6%, 15.9%]
Date source: curated gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
Released: Nov 2023
Score: 28.0%
95% CI: [26.2%, 29.9%]
Date source: curated gpt-4-1106-preview
Released: Nov 2023
Score: 42.4%
95% CI: [40.0%, 44.8%]
Date source: curated deepseek-llm-67b-chat
Released: Nov 2023
Score: 24.6%
95% CI: [23.3%, 26.0%]
Date source: curated Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1
Released: Dec 2023
Score: 30.6%
95% CI: [28.7%, 32.5%]
Date source: curated gpt-4-0125-preview
Released: Jan 2024
Score: 42.3%
95% CI: [39.6%, 44.9%]
Date source: curated gpt-3.5-turbo-0125
Released: Jan 2024
Score: 27.2%
95% CI: [25.2%, 29.1%]
Date source: curated mistral-large-2402
Released: Feb 2024
Score: 38.8%
95% CI: [36.3%, 41.2%]
Date source: name-suffix qwen1.5-72b-chat
Released: Feb 2024
Score: 28.8%
95% CI: [26.8%, 30.8%]
Date source: curated claude-3-opus-20240229
Released: Mar 2024
Score: 47.2%
95% CI: [44.5%, 49.8%]
Date source: curated claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Released: Mar 2024
Score: 40.6%
95% CI: [38.2%, 43.0%]
Date source: curated claude-3-haiku-20240307
Released: Mar 2024
Score: 36.3%
95% CI: [33.9%, 38.7%]
Date source: curated qwen1.5-32b-chat
Released: Apr 2024
Score: 30.7%
95% CI: [28.7%, 32.8%]
Date source: curated gemini-1.5-pro-001
Released: Apr 2024
Score: 45.9%
95% CI: [43.2%, 48.5%]
Date source: curated gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09
Released: Apr 2024
Score: 46.6%
95% CI: [43.9%, 49.2%]
Date source: curated WizardLM-2-8x22B
Released: Apr 2024
Score: 43.4%
95% CI: [41.1%, 45.8%]
Date source: curated Yi-1.5-34B-Chat
Released: May 2024
Score: 32.0%
95% CI: [30.0%, 34.0%]
Date source: curated gpt-4o-2024-08-06
Released: May 2024
Score: 49.2%
95% CI: [46.6%, 51.8%]
Date source: curated gemini-1.5-flash-001
Released: May 2024
Score: 40.4%
95% CI: [38.0%, 42.8%]
Date source: curated qwen2-72b-instruct
Released: Jun 2024
Score: 40.8%
95% CI: [38.2%, 43.4%]
Date source: curated claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022
Released: Jun 2024
Score: 55.3%
95% CI: [52.5%, 58.1%]
Date source: curated gemma-2-9b-it
Released: Jun 2024
Score: 27.5%
95% CI: [25.2%, 29.8%]
Date source: curated gemma-2-27b-it
Released: Jun 2024
Score: 36.5%
95% CI: [34.1%, 38.9%]
Date source: curated mistral-large-2407
Released: Jul 2024
Score: 49.0%
95% CI: [46.4%, 51.6%]
Date source: name-suffix gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18
Released: Jul 2024
Score: 37.7%
95% CI: [35.3%, 40.1%]
Date source: curated Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct
Released: Jul 2024
Score: 27.0%
95% CI: [25.1%, 28.8%]
Date source: curated Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct
Released: Jul 2024
Score: 44.2%
95% CI: [41.7%, 46.6%]
Date source: curated o1-preview-2024-09-12
Released: Sep 2024
Score: 50.3%
95% CI: [47.5%, 53.1%]
Date source: curated o1-mini-2024-09-12
Released: Sep 2024
Score: 62.4%
95% CI: [59.6%, 65.1%]
Date source: curated qwen2.5-72b-instruct
Released: Sep 2024
Score: 49.1%
95% CI: [46.5%, 51.8%]
Date source: curated gemini-1.5-flash-002
Released: Sep 2024
Score: 47.3%
95% CI: [44.5%, 50.1%]
Date source: curated gemini-1.5-pro-002
Released: Sep 2024
Score: 57.2%
95% CI: [54.4%, 60.0%]
Date source: curated Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct
Released: Sep 2024
Score: 23.9%
95% CI: [22.3%, 25.6%]
Date source: curated ministral-8b-2410
Released: Oct 2024
Score: 27.1%
95% CI: [25.1%, 29.2%]
Date source: name-suffix gemini-1.5-flash-8b-001
Released: Oct 2024
Score: 33.0%
95% CI: [30.5%, 35.4%]
Date source: curated mistral-large-2411
Released: Nov 2024
Score: 51.3%
95% CI: [48.6%, 54.0%]
Date source: name-suffix claude-3-5-haiku-20241022
Released: Nov 2024
Score: 38.1%
95% CI: [35.5%, 40.8%]
Date source: curated o1-2024-12-17
Released: Dec 2024
Score: 76.8%
95% CI: [73.8%, 79.8%]
Date source: curated Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct
Released: Dec 2024
Score: 47.4%
95% CI: [44.6%, 50.3%]
Date source: curated phi-4
Released: Dec 2024
Score: 56.1%
95% CI: [53.5%, 58.7%]
Date source: curated deepseek-chat
Released: Dec 2024
Score: 71.2%
95% CI: [68.0%, 74.4%]
Date source: curated DeepSeek-V3
Released: Dec 2024
Score: 56.5%
95% CI: [53.8%, 59.3%]
Date source: curated DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B
Released: Jan 2025
Score: 55.7%
95% CI: [52.8%, 58.7%]
Date source: curated DeepSeek-R1
Released: Jan 2025
Score: 69.2%
95% CI: [66.2%, 72.3%]
Date source: curated o3-mini-2025-01-31
Released: Jan 2025
Score: 77.0%
95% CI: [74.4%, 79.6%]
Date source: curated gemini-2.0-flash-001
Released: Feb 2025
Score: 64.1%
95% CI: [61.4%, 66.9%]
Date source: curated grok-3-mini-beta
Released: Feb 2025
Score: 76.3%
95% CI: [73.2%, 79.3%]
Date source: curated claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219
Released: Feb 2025
Score: 78.5%
95% CI: [75.9%, 81.2%]
Date source: curated gpt-4.5-preview-2025-02-27
Released: Feb 2025
Score: 68.7%
95% CI: [65.4%, 72.0%]
Date source: curated QwQ-32B
Released: Mar 2025
Score: 65.3%
95% CI: [62.5%, 68.2%]
Date source: curated gemma-3-4b-it
Released: Mar 2025
Score: 23.2%
95% CI: [21.4%, 25.1%]
Date source: curated gemma-3-27b-it
Released: Mar 2025
Score: 47.7%
95% CI: [45.0%, 50.4%]
Date source: curated gemma-3-12b-it
Released: Mar 2025
Score: 39.5%
95% CI: [36.9%, 42.0%]
Date source: curated DeepSeek-V3-0324
Released: Mar 2025
Score: 67.6%
95% CI: [64.9%, 70.3%]
Date source: curated Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 51.8%
95% CI: [48.7%, 55.0%]
Date source: curated gpt-4.1-mini-2025-04-14
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 65.8%
95% CI: [63.1%, 68.6%]
Date source: curated gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 48.9%
95% CI: [46.4%, 51.4%]
Date source: curated gpt-4.1-2025-04-14
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 66.9%
95% CI: [64.1%, 69.7%]
Date source: curated o3-2025-04-16
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 81.8%
95% CI: [79.7%, 83.9%]
Date source: curated o4-mini-2025-04-16
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 79.6%
95% CI: [77.2%, 82.0%]
Date source: curated qwen-plus-2025-01-25
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 48.1%
95% CI: [45.4%, 50.8%]
Date source: name-suffix qwen3-235b-a22b
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 70.7%
95% CI: [68.0%, 73.4%]
Date source: curated qwen3-8b
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 56.8%
95% CI: [53.8%, 59.7%]
Date source: curated Qwen3-30B-A3B
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 61.7%
95% CI: [58.7%, 64.7%]
Date source: curated qwen3-14b
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 63.8%
95% CI: [60.8%, 66.7%]
Date source: curated Qwen3-32B
Released: Apr 2025
Score: 65.7%
95% CI: [62.9%, 68.5%]
Date source: curated mistral-medium-2505
Released: May 2025
Score: 59.5%
95% CI: [56.7%, 62.4%]
Date source: name-suffix gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06
Released: May 2025
Score: 66.7%
95% CI: [63.3%, 70.0%]
Date source: curated claude-sonnet-4-20250514
Released: May 2025
Score: 78.3%
95% CI: [75.3%, 81.2%]
Date source: curated claude-opus-4-20250514
Released: May 2025
Score: 76.3%
95% CI: [73.2%, 79.3%]
Date source: curated DeepSeek-R1-0528
Released: May 2025
Score: 76.3%
95% CI: [73.9%, 78.7%]
Date source: curated gemini-2.5-pro-preview-06-05
Released: Jun 2025
Score: 84.8%
95% CI: [82.3%, 87.4%]
Date source: curated gemini-2.5-pro
Released: Jun 2025
Score: 85.3%
95% CI: [83.2%, 87.4%]
Date source: curated qwen3-30b-a3b-thinking-2507
Released: Jul 2025
Score: 70.1%
95% CI: [67.2%, 72.9%]
Date source: name-suffix qwen3-30b-a3b-instruct-2507
Released: Jul 2025
Score: 55.6%
95% CI: [52.7%, 58.5%]
Date source: name-suffix Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507
Released: Jul 2025
Score: 80.1%
95% CI: [77.5%, 82.7%]
Date source: name-suffix grok-4-0709
Released: Jul 2025
Score: 87.0%
95% CI: [85.0%, 89.0%]
Date source: curated claude-opus-4-1-20250805
Released: Aug 2025
Score: 77.3%
95% CI: [74.3%, 80.3%]
Date source: curated gpt-oss-20b
Released: Aug 2025
Score: 60.8%
95% CI: [58.3%, 63.3%]
Date source: curated gpt-5-2025-08-07
Released: Aug 2025
Score: 86.2%
95% CI: [84.1%, 88.3%]
Date source: curated gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Released: Aug 2025
Score: 75.0%
95% CI: [72.7%, 77.3%]
Date source: curated gpt-5-nano-2025-08-07
Released: Aug 2025
Score: 69.4%
95% CI: [66.7%, 72.2%]
Date source: curated qwen3-max-2025-09-23
Released: Sep 2025
Score: 72.6%
95% CI: [69.9%, 75.3%]
Date source: curated claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929
Released: Sep 2025
Score: 82.3%
95% CI: [79.6%, 85.0%]
Date source: curated claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
Released: Oct 2025
Score: 71.2%
95% CI: [68.0%, 74.4%]
Date source: curated claude-opus-4-5-20251101
Released: Nov 2025
Score: 86.0%
95% CI: [84.0%, 88.1%]
Date source: name-suffix kimi-k2-thinking-turbo
Released: Nov 2025
Score: 84.2%
95% CI: [82.1%, 86.3%]
Date source: curated gpt-5.1-2025-11-13
Released: Nov 2025
Score: 87.6%
95% CI: [85.8%, 89.5%]
Date source: name-suffix gpt-5.1 gpt-5.2-2025-12-11
Released: Dec 2025
Score: 91.4%
95% CI: [89.6%, 93.2%]
Date source: name-suffix gpt-5.2 glm-4.7
Released: Dec 2025
Score: 83.3%
95% CI: [81.0%, 85.7%]
Date source: huggingface-created glm-4.7-flash
Released: Jan 2026
Score: 60.5%
95% CI: [57.6%, 63.5%]
Date source: huggingface-created glm-5
Released: Feb 2026
Score: 87.8%
95% CI: [85.5%, 90.2%]
Date source: huggingface-created qwen3.5-plus
Released: Feb 2026
Score: 84.8%
95% CI: [82.3%, 87.4%]
Date source: name-suffix qwen3.5-397b-a17b
Released: Feb 2026
Score: 86.4%
95% CI: [83.9%, 88.8%]
Date source: huggingface-created qwen3.5-flash
Released: Feb 2026
Score: 82.3%
95% CI: [79.6%, 85.0%]
Date source: name-suffix qwen3.5-35b-a3b
Released: Feb 2026
Score: 83.5%
95% CI: [81.3%, 85.6%]
Date source: huggingface-created qwen3.5-9B
Released: Feb 2026
Score: 79.0%
95% CI: [76.6%, 81.3%]
Date source: huggingface-created gpt-5.4-pro-2026-03-05
Released: Mar 2026
Score: 94.6%
95% CI: [93.0%, 96.2%]
Date source: name-suffix gpt-5.4-pro gemma-4-31b-it
Released: Mar 2026
Score: 75.8%
95% CI: [72.7%, 78.8%]
Date source: huggingface-created gemma-4-26b-a4b-it
Released: Mar 2026
Score: 73.2%
95% CI: [70.1%, 76.4%]
Date source: huggingface-created glm-5.1
Released: Apr 2026
Score: 89.9%
95% CI: [87.8%, 92.0%]
Date source: huggingface-created kimi-k2.6
Released: Apr 2026
Score: 90.8%
95% CI: [89.1%, 92.5%]
Date source: huggingface-created qwen3.6-35b-a3b
Released: Apr 2026
Score: 84.8%
95% CI: [82.3%, 87.4%]
Date source: huggingface-created qwen3.6-27b
Released: Apr 2026
Score: 85.9%
95% CI: [83.4%, 88.3%]
Date source: huggingface-created qwen3.7-max
Released: May 2026
Score: 90.9%
95% CI: [88.9%, 93.0%]
Date source: name-suffix MiniMax-M3
Released: Jun 2026
Score: 90.9%
95% CI: [88.9%, 93.0%]
Date source: huggingface-created kimi-k2.7-code
Released: Jun 2026
Score: 87.9%
95% CI: [85.6%, 90.2%]
Date source: huggingface-created kimi-k3
Released: Jun 2026
Score: 93.1%
95% CI: [91.6%, 94.6%]
Date source: huggingface-created glm-5.2
Released: Jun 2026
Score: 91.9%
95% CI: [90.2%, 93.5%]
Date source: huggingface-created Inkling
Released: Jul 2026
Score: 88.3%
95% CI: [86.3%, 90.2%]
Date source: huggingface-created inkling-small
Released: Jul 2026
Score: 88.5%
95% CI: [86.6%, 90.4%]
Date source: huggingface-created deepseek-v4-flash-0731
Released: Jul 2026
Score: 91.0%
95% CI: [89.3%, 92.8%]
Date source: huggingface-created deepseek-v4-pro
Released: Aug 2026
Score: 90.9%
95% CI: [88.9%, 93.0%]
Date source: name-suffix deepseek-v4-pro-0813
Released: Aug 2026
Score: 91.7%
95% CI: [90.1%, 93.2%]
Date source: huggingface-created glm-5.3
Released: Aug 2026
Score: 90.9%
95% CI: [89.3%, 92.5%]
Date source: huggingface-created glm-5.3-flash
Released: Aug 2026
Score: 90.2%
95% CI: [88.4%, 91.9%]
Date source: huggingface-created gpt-5.6-luna
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 91.6%
95% CI: [89.9%, 93.3%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-5.6-sol
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 93.5%
95% CI: [91.9%, 95.1%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-5.6-terra
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 93.3%
95% CI: [91.8%, 94.8%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-5.4-2026-03-05
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 93.3%
95% CI: [91.5%, 95.1%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gemini-3.1-pro-preview
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 94.4%
95% CI: [92.8%, 96.1%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-sonnet-4-6
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 87.4%
95% CI: [85.4%, 89.4%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen grok-4.6
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 94.0%
95% CI: [92.6%, 95.5%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gemini-3.6-flash
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 94.1%
95% CI: [92.7%, 95.5%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-opus-4-7
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 90.2%
95% CI: [88.3%, 92.0%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-opus-4-6
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 90.5%
95% CI: [88.8%, 92.2%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-opus-5
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 93.9%
95% CI: [92.4%, 95.4%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-5.5
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 90.7%
95% CI: [88.9%, 92.4%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-fable-5
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 85.9%
95% CI: [83.4%, 88.3%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-6-astra
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 95.8%
95% CI: [94.4%, 97.1%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-6-astra claude-opus-4-8
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 91.0%
95% CI: [89.1%, 93.0%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen grok-4.5
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 93.4%
95% CI: [92.0%, 94.9%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen muse-spark
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 89.8%
95% CI: [87.6%, 92.0%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen qwen3.7-plus
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 87.9%
95% CI: [85.6%, 90.2%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-sonnet-5
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 90.5%
95% CI: [88.7%, 92.3%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gemini-3.5-flash
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 92.8%
95% CI: [91.2%, 94.4%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-5.5-instant
Released: Sep 2026
Score: 82.5%
95% CI: [80.3%, 84.8%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-5.4-nano-2026-03-17
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 78.5%
95% CI: [76.0%, 80.9%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gemini-3.5-flash-lite
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 83.3%
95% CI: [80.7%, 86.0%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen qwen3.6-plus
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 88.4%
95% CI: [86.1%, 90.7%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-6-luna
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 90.5%
95% CI: [88.6%, 92.3%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-6-sol
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 94.3%
95% CI: [92.8%, 95.8%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-sonnet-5-5
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 95.6%
95% CI: [94.2%, 97.0%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-6.1-sol
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 95.4%
95% CI: [94.0%, 96.8%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gpt-5.4-mini-2026-03-17
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 86.9%
95% CI: [84.5%, 89.3%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen grok-4.7
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 92.7%
95% CI: [91.2%, 94.3%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen grok-4.3
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 88.8%
95% CI: [86.9%, 90.8%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen qwen3.8-max-0902
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 92.3%
95% CI: [90.6%, 94.0%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-opus-5-5
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 90.6%
95% CI: [88.6%, 92.5%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gemini-3.8-flash
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 95.4%
95% CI: [94.0%, 96.8%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen qwen3.8-max
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 92.7%
95% CI: [91.0%, 94.4%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gemini-3.7-flash
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 94.8%
95% CI: [93.5%, 96.2%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gemini-4-argon
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 96.4%
95% CI: [95.2%, 97.6%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen gemini-4-argon qwen3.6-max-preview
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 87.4%
95% CI: [85.0%, 89.7%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen claude-haiku-5-5
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 89.6%
95% CI: [87.7%, 91.6%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen nemotron-3-ultra
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 85.4%
95% CI: [82.8%, 87.9%]
Date source: lmarena-first-seen deepseek-v4.1-flash
Released: Oct 2026
Score: 89.8%
95% CI: [88.1%, 91.6%]
Date source: huggingface-created Model at its release date Running best score (frontier) Score confidence interval
Read this as a frontier chart, not a per-model trajectory. A fixed model's score on a fixed benchmark does not change over time — Claude 3.5 Sonnet's GPQA number today is the same one Anthropic reported at launch. The line rises because better models keep arriving, not because any specific model got better. Seeing one model's score change over time (as its evaluation is re-run with different scaffolds, for example) needs a different kind of data: daily snapshots of each board, which we will chart once several weeks of them have accumulated.
68 models have no known release date and are not plotted.