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This paper refines the YOPO end-to-end UAV planner by addressing optimization pathologies through two-piece trajectory parameterization, homotopy-aware motion primitives, and adaptive dynamic penalties. These modifications enhance safety and expressiveness in cluttered environments without relying on traditional front-end search or explicit safe-flight corridors. The work represents a significant step forward in differentiable robotics planning for autonomous flight systems.
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Some Modifications to Our End-to-End UAV Planner

arXiv2 min read

arXiv:2608.15741v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The one-stage planner YOPO maps a single depth image and the robot state directly to a set of candidate trajectories, trained by backpropagating through differentiable trajectory costs. This yields dense, geometrically informative supervision, but inherits the pathologies of soft-constrained optimization: the safety cost competes with the smoothness and goal-reaching terms, is non-convex across homotopy classes, and the single-piece polynomial is limited in expressiveness. In this report, we summarize several effective modifications. We adopt a two-piece MINCO parameterization, trading time for smoothness without altering the trajectory's spatial profile. We further lift YOPO's multi-modal prediction to span distinct homotopy classes, treating each motion primitive as a homotopy anchor that confines the trajectory to a feasible basin - without explicit safe-flight-corridor construction or front-end search. For dynamic feasibility, we impose barrier penalties on velocity and acceleration together with a curvature-dependent speed limit whose gradient acts only on the velocity, producing an adaptive-speed behavior that decelerates in cluttered regions or sharp turns. We replace score regression with a ranking loss, preventing small score errors from reordering the candidate set. These yield richer trajectory representations, safer obstacle avoidance, and more direct flight paths.

Abstract:The one-stage planner YOPO maps a single depth image and the robot state directly to a set of candidate trajectories, trained by backpropagating through differentiable trajectory costs. This yields dense, geometrically informative supervision, but inherits the pathologies of soft-constrained optimization: the safety cost competes with the smoothness and goal-reaching terms, is non-convex across homotopy classes, and the single-piece polynomial is limited in expressiveness. In this report, we summarize several effective modifications. We adopt a two-piece MINCO parameterization, trading time for smoothness without altering the trajectory's spatial profile. We further lift YOPO's multi-modal prediction to span distinct homotopy classes, treating each motion primitive as a homotopy anchor that confines the trajectory to a feasible basin - without explicit safe-flight-corridor construction or front-end search. For dynamic feasibility, we impose barrier penalties on velocity and acceleration together with a curvature-dependent speed limit whose gradient acts only on the velocity, producing an adaptive-speed behavior that decelerates in cluttered regions or sharp turns. We replace score regression with a ranking loss, preventing small score errors from reordering the candidate set. These yield richer trajectory representations, safer obstacle avoidance, and more direct flight paths.

Robotics (cs.RO)

arXiv:2608.15741 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2608.15741v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.15741 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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Full text under the publisher's open licence · 281 words

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