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This research proposes a novel framework to derive universal quantum chaos signatures like the spectral ramp and plateau without relying on traditional ensemble averaging, instead isolating them as macroscopic structures within microscopic data. By applying this approach to holographic systems, the study links these phenomena directly to gravitational duals involving wormholes and emergent hyper-non-perturbative objects such as baby universes. The work advances theoretical understanding of quantum gravity by demonstrating how double-exponential effects in $1/N^2$ arise from minimal Gutzwiller-like structures rather than statistical fluctuations.
Ramp, Plateau, and Wormholes without Averaging, and Hyper-non-perturbative Structures in Gravity
arXiv:2608.02743v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Universal hallmarks of quantum chaos---such as the ramp and plateau in the spectral form factor---and the ramp's gravitational duals involving wormholes are widely interpreted as consequences of spectral or ensemble averaging. In this paper, following an earlier proposal of~\cite{Liu25c}, we develop an alternative approach: these phenomena arise as macroscopic smooth structures hidden within erratic microscopic data, which can be isolated through a smooth filter projection. Using the semiclassical Gutzwiller trace formula as a paradigmatic example, we illustrate how many features characteristic of random matrix models---including the ramp, the plateau, the spectral curve, and single-eigenvalue instantons---can be derived in the semiclassical limit without invoking ensemble or explicit spectral averages. We postulate the existence of a minimal Gutzwiller-like structure in the large-$N$ limit of holographic systems and explore its consequences. Beyond deriving the ramp and the plateau, this Gutzwiller-like structure predicts universal rapid macroscopic oscillations in the density of states and the possible existence of hyper-instantons, both of which involve double exponentials in $1/N^2$. On the gravity side, we demonstrate how spacetime wormholes enable the construction of emergent hyper-non-perturbative objects---such as baby-universe and wormhole condensates---which yield double exponential effects in $G_N$. This mirrors the postulated boundary Gutzwiller-like structure and provides a dual gravitational derivation of the universal rapid macroscopic oscillations in the density of states and the spectral plateau.
Abstract:Universal hallmarks of quantum chaos---such as the ramp and plateau in the spectral form factor---and the ramp's gravitational duals involving wormholes are widely interpreted as consequences of spectral or ensemble averaging. In this paper, following an earlier proposal of~\cite{Liu25c}, we develop an alternative approach: these phenomena arise as macroscopic smooth structures hidden within erratic microscopic data, which can be isolated through a smooth filter projection. Using the semiclassical Gutzwiller trace formula as a paradigmatic example, we illustrate how many features characteristic of random matrix models---including the ramp, the plateau, the spectral curve, and single-eigenvalue instantons---can be derived in the semiclassical limit without invoking ensemble or explicit spectral averages. We postulate the existence of a minimal Gutzwiller-like structure in the large-$N$ limit of holographic systems and explore its consequences. Beyond deriving the ramp and the plateau, this Gutzwiller-like structure predicts universal rapid macroscopic oscillations in the density of states and the possible existence of hyper-instantons, both of which involve double exponentials in $1/N^2$. On the gravity side, we demonstrate how spacetime wormholes enable the construction of emergent hyper-non-perturbative objects---such as baby-universe and wormhole condensates---which yield double exponential effects in $G_N$. This mirrors the postulated boundary Gutzwiller-like structure and provides a dual gravitational derivation of the universal rapid macroscopic oscillations in the density of states and the spectral plateau.
High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); Mathematical Physics (math-ph); Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:2608.02743 [hep-th]
(or arXiv:2608.02743v1 [hep-th] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.02743 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Full text under the publisher's open licence · 253 words
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