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This research establishes an analytical framework for predicting prethermal plateaus in quantum systems with long-range interactions, resolving how Hilbert-space fragmentation alters the path to thermal equilibrium. By introducing a fragmented eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (fETH) governed by symmetry selection rules, the study provides new tools for modeling strongly interacting quantum dynamics without relying on conventional phase transition assumptions. These findings advance fundamental understanding of quantum chaos and equilibration timescales in complex many-body systems.

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University of Connecticut Perturbative Theory Predicts Plateau Height & Timescale

Quantum ZeitgeistAugust 16, 20265 min read

University of Connecticut research details a perturbative theory predicting the height & timescale of prethermal plateaus, seen in quantum systems with long-range interactions.

A perturbative theory developed by C. L. Sriram and Lea F. Santos at the University of Connecticut, and Soumya Kanti Pal at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, now provides analytical expressions for both the height and timescale of how long it takes for strongly interacting quantum systems to approach equilibrium, a calculation previously beyond reach. Researchers found that nearly conserved quantities fragment the system’s quantum behavior, leading to a two-stage equilibration process with long-lived prethermal plateaus. Unlike conventional eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, the team’s fragmented eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (fETH) obeys a symmetry-imposed selection rule that restricts which system sizes can be compared. This band-resolved…

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