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This paper offers a pedagogical overview of eigenstate thermalization, explaining how isolated quantum many-body systems reach thermal equilibrium under unitary dynamics without external heat baths. By leveraging random matrix theory and analyzing entanglement entropy in Haar-random states, the work clarifies fundamental mechanisms of quantum chaos relevant to foundational physics research.

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Quantum Chaos and Eigenstate Thermalization

arXivOctober 7, 20261 min read

arXiv:2604.11872v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We provide a pedagogical introduction to eigenstate thermalization. This phenomenon, which occurs in generic quantum many-body systems, allows one to understand why thermalization takes place in isolated systems under unitary dynamics. We motivate eigenstate thermalization using random matrix theory and discuss recent complementary results for the volume-law entanglement entropy of Haar-random states. We discuss numerical results that highlight the corresponding behaviors in quantum many-body systems.

Abstract:We provide a pedagogical introduction to eigenstate thermalization. This phenomenon, which occurs in generic quantum many-body systems, allows one to understand why thermalization takes place in isolated systems under unitary dynamics. We motivate eigenstate thermalization using random matrix theory and discuss recent complementary results for the volume-law entanglement entropy of Haar-random states. We discuss numerical results that highlight the corresponding behaviors in quantum many-body systems.

24 pages, 9 figures; Chapter for the Quantum Chaos volume in 'Comprehensive Quantum Mechanics', to be published by Elsevier (Main editor: R.B. Mann; volume editors: S. Gnutzmann and K. Życzkowski)

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)

arXiv:2604.11872 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2604.11872v4 [quant-ph] for this version)

Full text under the publisher's open licence · 109 words

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