aiqbench analysis
This research demonstrates a fundamental advantage in quantum sensing, showing that specific squeezing resources enable polynomial-time detection of continuously evolving signals like gravitational waves, whereas their absence forces exponential time requirements. The study establishes an exponential separation in sensing efficiency based on the degree of squeezing applied to sensors monitoring dynamic electromagnetic or gravitational fields. This theoretical breakthrough highlights the critical role of quantum resources in optimizing real-world applications where signals vary over time rather than remaining static.
Exponential separation in sensing continuous signals via squeezing
arXiv:2609.38678v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantum sensing traditionally focuses on using quantum resources such as squeezing and entanglement to improve precision for sensing fixed signals. However, in many applications such as gravitational-wave detection and electromagnetic-field sensing, the signal evolves continuously and varies through time. Additionally, the learner is free to prepare, control, and measure the sensor at arbitrary times, possibly chosen adaptively. In this work, we establish exponential separation in sensing time for continuously evolving signals due to the available squeezing. The signals we study are characterized by a pattern size $T$, and we find that a sensor with squeezing at least $\omega(\sqrt{\log T})$ offers a $\mathrm{poly}(T)$ sensing time, whereas those with squeezing at most $o(\sqrt{\log T})$ must use an exponential sensing time in $T$.
Abstract:Quantum sensing traditionally focuses on using quantum resources such as squeezing and entanglement to improve precision for sensing fixed signals. However, in many applications such as gravitational-wave detection and electromagnetic-field sensing, the signal evolves continuously and varies through time. Additionally, the learner is free to prepare, control, and measure the sensor at arbitrary times, possibly chosen adaptively. In this work, we establish exponential separation in sensing time for continuously evolving signals due to the available squeezing. The signals we study are characterized by a pattern size $T$, and we find that a sensor with squeezing at least $\omega(\sqrt{\log T})$ offers a $\mathrm{poly}(T)$ sensing time, whereas those with squeezing at most $o(\sqrt{\log T})$ must use an exponential sensing time in $T$.
arXiv:2609.38678 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2609.38678v1 [quant-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.38678 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.
Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.
Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Full text under the publisher's open licence · 211 words
Related coverage

Researchers Cut Signal-Learning Measurements by Seven Million-Fold
Quantum Zeitgeist · Aug 17, 2026

Amplified fluctuations from squeezed light improve quantum sensing
Quantum Zeitgeist · Oct 13, 2026

The Entangled Dimensions of Decision Theory
LessWrong · Jul 30, 2026
Exponential Quantum Advantage in Stationary Signal Sensing
arXiv · Oct 14, 2026