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This paper introduces TEmBed, a unified benchmark designed to evaluate tabular foundation models across four distinct representation levels: cell, row, column, and table. By systematically comparing diverse representation learning approaches under standardized conditions, the study clarifies that model selection must be driven by specific task requirements rather than a one-size-fits-all solution. These findings provide essential practical guidance for deploying general-purpose tabular embeddings in real-world data pipelines.
Towards Universal Tabular Embeddings: A Benchmark Across Data Tasks
arXiv:2604.21696v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Tabular foundation models aim to learn universal representations of tabular data that transfer across tasks and domains, enabling applications such as table retrieval, semantic search and table-based prediction. Despite the growing number of such models, it remains unclear which approach works best in practice, as existing methods are often evaluated under task-specific settings that make direct comparison difficult. To address this, we introduce TEmBed, the Tabular Embedding Test Bed, a unified benchmark for systematically evaluating tabular embeddings across four representation levels: cell, row, column, and table. Evaluating a diverse set of tabular representation learning models, we show that which model to use depends on the task and representation level. Our results offer practical guidance for selecting tabular embeddings in real-world applications and lay the groundwork for developing more general-purpose tabular representation models.
Abstract:Tabular foundation models aim to learn universal representations of tabular data that transfer across tasks and domains, enabling applications such as table retrieval, semantic search and table-based prediction. Despite the growing number of such models, it remains unclear which approach works best in practice, as existing methods are often evaluated under task-specific settings that make direct comparison difficult. To address this, we introduce TEmBed, the Tabular Embedding Test Bed, a unified benchmark for systematically evaluating tabular embeddings across four representation levels: cell, row, column, and table. Evaluating a diverse set of tabular representation learning models, we show that which model to use depends on the task and representation level. Our results offer practical guidance for selecting tabular embeddings in real-world applications and lay the groundwork for developing more general-purpose tabular representation models.
Machine Learning (cs.LG); Databases (cs.DB)
arXiv:2604.21696 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2604.21696v2 [cs.LG] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.21696 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
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