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This paper advances quantum simulation techniques by developing a real-time instanton framework to accurately model metastable states and relaxation rates in driven-dissipative spin ensembles. The study demonstrates that standard semiclassical Wigner approaches fail to capture non-Gaussian fluctuations essential for describing these collective systems in the large-spin limit. This work provides critical theoretical tools for analyzing phase transitions and stability in quantum many-body systems relevant to atomic and solid-state physics.

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Quantum instanton theory for metastable collective spin systems

arXiv19 octombrie 20261 min de cititArticolul și perspectiva sunt în engleză.

arXiv:2604.15091v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Collective spin systems -- driven-dissipative spin ensembles whose unitary and dissipative processes act uniformly on all spins, allowing their dynamics to be described as a single macrospin -- play an important role in atomic and solid-state physics. Their intrinsic nonlinearity gives rise to multiple long-lived metastable states that ultimately relax to a unique most probable state. This dominant state can change with a control parameter, leading to first-order phase transitions. We develop a real-time instanton approach based on quantum quasiprobability dynamics that captures the stationary state in the large-spin limit and the asymptotic scaling of relaxation rates. We further show that these features are not accurately described by the previously applied semiclassical Wigner approach due to its neglect of non-Gaussian fluctuations.

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