Quantum instanton approach to metastable collective spin systems: Numerical implementation and applications

Abstract:Driven-dissipative collective spin systems can host several long-lived metastable states; rare switching between them governs slow relaxation and first-order dissipative phase transitions associated with changes in the dominant stationary state. In the companion Letter [arXiv:2604.15091], we introduced a quantum instanton framework based on exact quasiprobability dynamics to describe this switching and illustrated it with a minimal model possessing a simplifying symmetry. Here we develop its numerical implementation, combining collocation and shooting methods, and apply it to two microscopically motivated systems: the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model with purely collective dissipation and the cooperative resonance fluorescence with collective and local dissipation. By determining the leading exponential scaling of switching rates between metastable attractors, we predict the stationary magnetization, the first-order dissipative phase-transition point, and the exponential scaling of slow relaxation rates. These predictions agree with quantum master-equation calculations and an exact analytical result for the second model without dephasing. We also examine how the choice of quasiprobability representation affects numerical convergence and find that the alternative semiclassical Wigner approach, based on Gaussian truncation, has varying accuracy across models and parameter regimes. These results substantiate the framework's applicability to experimentally relevant collective spin systems with both collective and local dissipation.

23 pages, 11 figures. Companion paper to arXiv:2604.15091

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall); Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)

arXiv:2610.21684 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2610.21684v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.21684 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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