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This research advances autonomous cyber-defense by enabling neurosymbolic agents to infer attacker strategies through imitation learning in partially observable environments. By predicting red agent policies from limited network observations, the method enhances an AI system's ability to reason about threats and adapt security rules without direct visibility into attack vectors. The integration of symbolic reasoning with reinforcement learning demonstrates a practical pathway for building more resilient autonomous defense architectures against evolving cyber-attacks.
Sursă care acoperăarXiv

Learning Red Agent Policy from Observations for Neurosymbolic Autonomous Cyber Agents

arXiv2 min de cititArticolul și perspectiva sunt în engleză.

arXiv:2606.18223v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With sophisticated cyber-attacks becoming increasingly prevalent, modern networks require intelligent autonomous cyber-defense agents trained via Reinforcement Learning (RL). These agents employ neurosymbolic approaches such as behavior trees with learning-enabled components (LECs) to learn, reason, adapt, and implement security rules while maintaining critical operations. However, these autonomous networks are partially observable systems, i.e., the cyber-attacker's (red agent's) actions are not observable, making it difficult for the defender to predict red actions, learn red policies, or assess the attacker's intrusion levels. To address this, we propose a Policy Learning Technique using imitation learning to learn policies for partially observable RL agents with discrete states and discrete actions. We apply this technique in an autonomous cyber environment to predict red agent's actions from network observations and defender actions. Integrated with a neurosymbolic cyber-defense agent, our method effectively handles different red policies and achieves high prediction accuracy across diverse simulated scenarios.

Abstract:With sophisticated cyber-attacks becoming increasingly prevalent, modern networks require intelligent autonomous cyber-defense agents trained via Reinforcement Learning (RL). These agents employ neurosymbolic approaches such as behavior trees with learning-enabled components (LECs) to learn, reason, adapt, and implement security rules while maintaining critical operations. However, these autonomous networks are partially observable systems, i.e., the cyber-attacker's (red agent's) actions are not observable, making it difficult for the defender to predict red actions, learn red policies, or assess the attacker's intrusion levels. To address this, we propose a Policy Learning Technique using imitation learning to learn policies for partially observable RL agents with discrete states and discrete actions. We apply this technique in an autonomous cyber environment to predict red agent's actions from network observations and defender actions. Integrated with a neurosymbolic cyber-defense agent, our method effectively handles different red policies and achieves high prediction accuracy across diverse simulated scenarios.

Cryptography and Security (cs.CR); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Systems and Control (eess.SY)

arXiv:2606.18223 [cs.CR]

(or arXiv:2606.18223v1 [cs.CR] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.18223 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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