Latent-to-Latent Flow for Volumetric Stochastic Segmentation

arXiv:2609.07460v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Uncertainty arising from inter-observer variability in medical image segmentation plays an important role in developing treatment plans. Research in this area is inhibited by the lack of multiple annotations for large-scale medical datasets, especially for volumetric data, which suffers from additional scaling and computational complexity challenges. Flow matching has emerged as a powerful framework for generative modelling and has also been demonstrated to maintain strong performance when working with latent representations of images. In this work, we introduce a latent-to-latent flow technique for stochastic segmentation of medical volumes via encoded representations of both the image and label space. We evaluate our method on two challenging applications covering delineation uncertainty for radiotherapy planning and multiple organ structure segmentation, improving efficiency up to 14x compared with full resolution models while maintaining clinically relevant performance.

Abstract:Uncertainty arising from inter-observer variability in medical image segmentation plays an important role in developing treatment plans. Research in this area is inhibited by the lack of multiple annotations for large-scale medical datasets, especially for volumetric data, which suffers from additional scaling and computational complexity challenges. Flow matching has emerged as a powerful framework for generative modelling and has also been demonstrated to maintain strong performance when working with latent representations of images. In this work, we introduce a latent-to-latent flow technique for stochastic segmentation of medical volumes via encoded representations of both the image and label space. We evaluate our method on two challenging applications covering delineation uncertainty for radiotherapy planning and multiple organ structure segmentation, improving efficiency up to 14x compared with full resolution models while maintaining clinically relevant performance.

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2609.07460 [cs.CV]

(or arXiv:2609.07460v1 [cs.CV] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.07460 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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Latent-to-Latent Flow for Volumetric Stochastic Segmentation

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