Evolving Idea Graphs with Learnable Edits-and-Commits for Multi-Agent Scientific Ideation

arXiv:2605.04922v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: LLM-empowered multi-agent systems offer new potential to accelerate scientific discovery by generating novel research ideas. However, existing methods typically coordinate agents through temporary texts, such as drafts or chat logs; it is difficult to pinpoint the weaknesses in the generated ideas and how the agents refine them. To this end, we introduce \textbf{Evolving Idea Graphs} (EIG), a graph-based multi-agent scientific ideation framework that can generate high-performance research ideas across various benchmark-native metrics, such as novelty, feasibility, and clarity. Instead of coordinating solely through texts, EIG represents a partially formed proposal as an evolving idea graph, where nodes capture scientific claims and edges encode relations (e.g., support and conflict), enabling unresolved weaknesses to remain identifiable throughout the idea evolving process. Specifically, a learned two-head controller operates over the evolving graph to guide the ideation: one head selects graph edits for agents to execute, while the other decides when the graph is ready for commit as final proposal synthesis. On AI Idea Bench 2025 and LiveIdeaBench, EIG outperforms all compared systems on both automatic benchmark scores and blinded expert ratings. Ablations show that the graph-based state, its typed relations, and the learned edit-and-commit control each contribute to final proposal quality.

Abstract:LLM-empowered multi-agent systems offer new potential to accelerate scientific discovery by generating novel research ideas. However, existing methods typically coordinate agents through temporary texts, such as drafts or chat logs; it is difficult to pinpoint the weaknesses in the generated ideas and how the agents refine them. To this end, we introduce \textbf{Evolving Idea Graphs} (EIG), a graph-based multi-agent scientific ideation framework that can generate high-performance research ideas across various benchmark-native metrics, such as novelty, feasibility, and clarity. Instead of coordinating solely through texts, EIG represents a partially formed proposal as an evolving idea graph, where nodes capture scientific claims and edges encode relations (e.g., support and conflict), enabling unresolved weaknesses to remain identifiable throughout the idea evolving process. Specifically, a learned two-head controller operates over the evolving graph to guide the ideation: one head selects graph edits for agents to execute, while the other decides when the graph is ready for commit as final proposal synthesis. On AI Idea Bench 2025 and LiveIdeaBench, EIG outperforms all compared systems on both automatic benchmark scores and blinded expert ratings. Ablations show that the graph-based state, its typed relations, and the learned edit-and-commit control each contribute to final proposal quality.

Multiagent Systems (cs.MA); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2605.04922 [cs.MA]

(or arXiv:2605.04922v2 [cs.MA] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.04922 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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Evolving Idea Graphs with Learnable Edits-and-Commits for Multi-Agent Scientific Ideation

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