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This study demonstrates a breakthrough in quantum control by successfully co-crystallizing xenon highly charged ions within laser-cooled calcium ion lattices. By combining established trapping techniques with exotic atomic species, the research establishes a versatile platform for optical frequency metrology and searches for new physics signatures. This advancement expands the toolkit available for precision measurement and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics using mixed-species Coulomb crystals.
Coulomb crystallization of xenon highly charged ions in a laser-cooled Ca+ matrix
arXiv:2512.12266v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We report on the sympathetic cooling and Coulomb crystallization of xenon highly charged ions (HCIs) with laser-cooled Ca$^+$ ions. The HCIs are produced in a compact electron beam ion trap, then charge selected, decelerated, and finally injected into a cryogenic linear Paul trap. There, they are captured into $^{40}$Ca$^+$ Coulomb crystals, and co-crystallized within them, causing dark voids in their fluorescence images. Fine control over the number of trapped ions and HCIs allows us to realize mixed-species crystals with arbitrary ordering patterns. By investigating Xe$^{q+}$--Ca$^+$ strings, we confirm the HCI charge states, measure their lifetime and characterize the mixed-species motional modes. Our system effectively combines the established quantum control toolbox for Ca$^+$ with the rich set of atomic properties of Xe highly charged ions, providing a resourceful platform for optical frequency metrology, searches for signatures of new physics, and quantum information science.
Authors:Leonid Prokhorov, Aaron A. Smith, Mingyao Xu, Kostas Georgiou, Vera Guarrera, Lakshmi P. Kozhiparambil Sajith, Elwin A. Dijck, Christian Warnecke, Malte Wehrheim, Alexander Wilzewski, Laura Blackburn, Matthias Keller, Vincent Boyer, Thomas Pfeifer, Ullrich Schwanke, Cigdem Issever, Steven Worm, Piet O. Schmidt, José R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Giovanni Barontini
Abstract:We report on the sympathetic cooling and Coulomb crystallization of xenon highly charged ions (HCIs) with laser-cooled Ca$^+$ ions. The HCIs are produced in a compact electron beam ion trap, then charge selected, decelerated, and finally injected into a cryogenic linear Paul trap. There, they are captured into $^{40}$Ca$^+$ Coulomb crystals, and co-crystallized within them, causing dark voids in their fluorescence images. Fine control over the number of trapped ions and HCIs allows us to realize mixed-species crystals with arbitrary ordering patterns. By investigating Xe$^{q+}$--Ca$^+$ strings, we confirm the HCI charge states, measure their lifetime and characterize the mixed-species motional modes. Our system effectively combines the established quantum control toolbox for Ca$^+$ with the rich set of atomic properties of Xe highly charged ions, providing a resourceful platform for optical frequency metrology, searches for signatures of new physics, and quantum information science.
Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:2512.12266 [physics.atom-ph]
(or arXiv:2512.12266v2 [physics.atom-ph] for this version)
Phys. Rev. A 113, L041102 (2026)
https://doi.org/10.1103/lxr8-l7wq DOI(s) linking to related resources
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