WorldBench: Evaluating LLMs on Three.js Voxel World Generation

arXiv:2610.10622v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models can now write complete, interactive 3D worlds as code, but grading those worlds automatically is unreliable. Existing judges take one view of the output: a vision-language model scores a few rendered snapshots, or a language model reads the source. On worlds written by five frontier models we find that the two views disagree on 32% of required items, mostly code that no frame shows, and that fixed views miss small close-up contents. We present WorldBench, a benchmark and judge for open-ended, LLM-generated Three.js worlds. From one prompt describing a floating voxel island with ten biomes, physics, and day/night and seasonal cycles, the judge explores the running world, controlling its clock, orbiting it, and sending a navigator agent to frame each biome, and reads the code for what it sees. Neither channel is trusted on its own: a code quote counts only if it is text the source contains, and visual claims are checked against measured pixels where the property is measurable. A mutation test, in which we remove features by construction, shows that code-only judging gives full credit to four of five removed features, because their code remains in the file. Our judge cuts the points kept on removed features by a third (5.44 to 3.55 of 7.11), and what it still credits is mostly code that exists but never runs. We evaluate five frontier models: Claude Fable 5.1, GPT-6 Astra, Kimi K3, Grok 4.7 and Gemini 3.1 Pro. Code, prompt, tests and judge configuration are available at https://github.com/KrishBakshi/worldbench

Abstract:Large language models can now write complete, interactive 3D worlds as code, but grading those worlds automatically is unreliable. Existing judges take one view of the output: a vision-language model scores a few rendered snapshots, or a language model reads the source. On worlds written by five frontier models we find that the two views disagree on 32% of required items, mostly code that no frame shows, and that fixed views miss small close-up contents. We present WorldBench, a benchmark and judge for open-ended, LLM-generated this http URL worlds. From one prompt describing a floating voxel island with ten biomes, physics, and day/night and seasonal cycles, the judge explores the running world, controlling its clock, orbiting it, and sending a navigator agent to frame each biome, and reads the code for what it sees. Neither channel is trusted on its own: a code quote counts only if it is text the source contains, and visual claims are checked against measured pixels where the property is measurable. A mutation test, in which we remove features by construction, shows that code-only judging gives full credit to four of five removed features, because their code remains in the file. Our judge cuts the points kept on removed features by a third (5.44 to 3.55 of 7.11), and what it still credits is mostly code that exists but never runs. We evaluate five frontier models: Claude Fable 5.1, GPT-6 Astra, Kimi K3, Grok 4.7 and Gemini 3.1 Pro. Code, prompt, tests and judge configuration are available at this https URL

Graphics (cs.GR); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computation and Language (cs.CL); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Software Engineering (cs.SE)

arXiv:2610.10622 [cs.GR]

(or arXiv:2610.10622v1 [cs.GR] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.10622 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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WorldBench: Evaluating LLMs on Three.js Voxel World Generation

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