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This research advances automated tutoring systems by introducing history-conditioned student simulation, where LLMs leverage past learning interactions to generate more faithful persona profiles via reinforcement learning. By grounding simulations in longitudinal data rather than isolated dialogue turns, the method significantly improves the evaluation and training of AI-driven educational tools. The work highlights a critical shift toward context-aware modeling that better captures the nuances of student behavior over time.
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Who Am I? History-Aware Profiles for Student Simulation in Tutoring Dialogues

arXiv2 min read

arXiv:2605.30051v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A key part of developing large language model (LLM)-powered, automated tutoring tools is student simulation, i.e., using LLMs to role-play as students, which can facilitate tutor model evaluation and training. Existing work mostly focuses on within-dialogue simulation, which lacks context on student knowledge and behavior, partly due to not grounding in past student question-answering or dialogue interactions. In this work, we introduce the task of history-conditioned student simulation, where the goal is to accurately predict student dialogue turns by leveraging information in the student's learning history. We propose a two-component framework in which a profile generator summarizes a student's history and a simulator predicts student turns conditioned on the resulting profile. We train both components with reinforcement learning (RL), yielding profiles optimized for faithful student simulation. We evaluate our method and baselines on the first-of-its-kind real-world dataset of student dialogues and question responses that we collect from a math learning platform. Extensive experiments show that our method significantly outperforms baselines, and demonstrate the importance of history, profiles, and RL training.

Title:Who Am I? History-Aware Profiles for Student Simulation in Tutoring Dialogues

Abstract:A key part of developing large language model (LLM)-powered, automated tutoring tools is student simulation, i.e., using LLMs to role-play as students, which can facilitate tutor model evaluation and training. Existing work mostly focuses on within-dialogue simulation, which lacks context on student knowledge and behavior, partly due to not grounding in past student question-answering or dialogue interactions. In this work, we introduce the task of history-conditioned student simulation, where the goal is to accurately predict student dialogue turns by leveraging information in the student's learning history. We propose a two-component framework in which a profile generator summarizes a student's history and a simulator predicts student turns conditioned on the resulting profile. We train both components with reinforcement learning (RL), yielding profiles optimized for faithful student simulation. We evaluate our method and baselines on the first-of-its-kind real-world dataset of student dialogues and question responses that we collect from a math learning platform. Extensive experiments show that our method significantly outperforms baselines, and demonstrate the importance of history, profiles, and RL training.

Computation and Language (cs.CL); Computers and Society (cs.CY)

arXiv:2605.30051 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2605.30051v2 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.30051 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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Full text under the publisher's open licence · 278 words

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