Turn-level Multiscale Density Ratio Estimation for LLM Agents

arXiv:2609.16760v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the rapid development of Large language model (LLM), agent systems enhanced by LLMs show huge potential in being able to deal with complex tasks, especially involving multi-step thinking or interaction with tools. For applying LLM techniques with a well-designed agent paradigm, post-training of LLM in multiple agent scenarios is necessary to achieve better performance. Among the variable post-training techniques, alignment methods such as PPO, DPO, DIL, and GRPO become popular because many papers show a significant positive impact on the model's performance by punishing negative samples while keeping acceptable training complexity. However, most alignment methods address simple single-turn tasks, and there remains room for improvement for complex multi-turn tasks. We propose Turn-level Multiscale Density Ratio Estimation (tlm-DRE), which assigns different weights on corresponding turns and proposes asymmetric token-level training based on the positive-negative space gaps across multiple turns of tasks. The results of the experiment on a wide range of agent benchmarks show that the proposed method performs competitively compared to traditional alignment methods. The proposed training method enables LLMs to perform robustly in multi-turn reasoning tasks with both in-domain and out-of-domain conditions.

Abstract:With the rapid development of Large language model (LLM), agent systems enhanced by LLMs show huge potential in being able to deal with complex tasks, especially involving multi-step thinking or interaction with tools. For applying LLM techniques with a well-designed agent paradigm, post-training of LLM in multiple agent scenarios is necessary to achieve better performance. Among the variable post-training techniques, alignment methods such as PPO, DPO, DIL, and GRPO become popular because many papers show a significant positive impact on the model's performance by punishing negative samples while keeping acceptable training complexity. However, most alignment methods address simple single-turn tasks, and there remains room for improvement for complex multi-turn tasks. We propose Turn-level Multiscale Density Ratio Estimation (tlm-DRE), which assigns different weights on corresponding turns and proposes asymmetric token-level training based on the positive-negative space gaps across multiple turns of tasks. The results of the experiment on a wide range of agent benchmarks show that the proposed method performs competitively compared to traditional alignment methods. The proposed training method enables LLMs to perform robustly in multi-turn reasoning tasks with both in-domain and out-of-domain conditions.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2609.16760 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2609.16760v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.16760 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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Turn-level Multiscale Density Ratio Estimation for LLM Agents

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