Time-Domain Observables for Resonant Scattering in Quantum Simulations of Lattice Gauge Theory

Abstract:Quantum computing may allow unprecedented access to nonequilibrium quantum dynamics, including problems of interest in particle physics, like the real-time development of scattering processes. Although fault-tolerant simulations at scale are still in the future, recent advancements toward early fault-tolerant simulations motivate building increasingly elaborate benchmark problems in order to assess state-of-the-art capabilities and test new algorithms and observables. In this work, we study glueball scattering on a line-of-plaquettes lattice in pure $SU(3)$ lattice gauge theory. We characterize scattering of the lowest-energy glueball states using classical exact diagonalization methods, identifying the continuum resonance structure using real-time simulations and approximate analytic methods, and we propose time-domain observables for extracting properties of the resonance from quantum simulations. We furthermore construct a toy model that shares the spectral features of the lattice gauge theory and demonstrate extraction of the observables. Feasibility on near-term hardware is demonstrated through simulation of a resonant collision of this toy model on Quantinuum System Model $\texttt{H2-2}$, with a 14-plaquette chain encoded in 28 qubits. The Trotterized circuit after optimization and compression requires $\sim 25n$ entangling gates for $n$ Trotter steps.

arXiv:2610.17470 [hep-lat]

(or arXiv:2610.17470v1 [hep-lat] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.17470 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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