The Magic Barrier: A Universal Feature of Quantum Thermalization

Abstract:We show that the emergence of a ``magic barrier'', characterized by a transient maximum of nonstabilizerness during rapid entanglement growth, is a universal feature of thermalization within quantum ergodic theories, which is intimately connected to random matrix spectral properties. Starting from a pure product state, we analytically determine the time evolution of entanglement entropy, antiflatness, capacity of entanglement, and nonlocal trace distance magic under unitary dynamics generated by random matrix Hamiltonians drawn from all three Gaussian ensembles. We find that the transient maxima of antiflatness, capacity of entanglement, and nonlocal magic occur on the same characteristic timescale as the maximum rate of entanglement growth. These results establish that the magic barrier is a universal feature of RMT thermalization, suggesting universality across quantum chaotic systems. We conclude that quantitative simulations of thermalization in ergodic quantum theories inherently require quantum computation.

High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

arXiv:2610.20768 [hep-th]

(or arXiv:2610.20768v1 [hep-th] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.20768 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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