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This research identifies how preserving symmetry in long-range XXZ spin chains isolates rapid energy dissipation pathways, resulting in a decay rate independent of system size. The study also reveals a quantum Mpemba effect where states further from equilibrium relax faster than those closer to it, offering new strategies for optimizing thermodynamics in engineered devices. By utilizing spectral decomposition of the Liouvillian superoperator, researchers have mapped fundamental energy loss modes that could enhance control over open quantum systems.

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Symmetry Shields Quantum Systems, Enabling Twice As Fast Decay of Energy

Quantum ZeitgeistMay 22, 20266 min read

A decay rate of -2, independent of system size, defines the unexpectedly swift relaxation observed in a specific quantum spin chain. Previously, symmetry breaking invariably slowed such processes by coupling states to slower decay pathways. This work demonstrates how maintaining symmetry instead isolates a fast channel, creating a quantum Mpemba effect where initial states further from equilibrium actually relax more quickly.

Symmetry profoundly influences the decay of quantum systems, and a mechanism protecting a rapid relaxation channel in a long-range XXZ spin chain has been uncovered. Zijun Wei and colleagues from Nankai University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research and The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute found that at a specific symmetry point, initial states decay exponentially at a rate of λ = -2, irrespective of system size or interaction range. This symmetry-protected relaxation pathway not only accelerates decay but also generates a strong quantum Mpemba effect, where states initially further from equilibrium relax more quickly than those closer to it. These findings establish symmetry…

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