Suzuki-Trotter Decompositions and other Methods for Quantum Time Evolution

Abstract:(Suzuki-)Trotter decompositions, splitting methods, (Lie) product formulae... The most common numerical methods for the time evolution of quantum systems come with many names. And they are used practically everywhere with applications ranging from the solution of classical equations of motion and various Monte Carlo simulations to the real and imaginary time evolution on classical as well as quantum computers. Here we review the state of the art of said methods, focussing especially on the progress made over the last few years. We highlight recently discovered efficient time evolution algorithms and explain how best to use them in practice. A central part of this work is the estimation of error bounds that has improved greatly within the past decade. The relevance of time evolution methods for quantum computing is discussed with a focus on noisy hardware. Finally, a comprehensive overview of generalisations, related methods and alternatives to Trotterization is provided. This includes time-dependent Hamiltonian dynamics, processed methods, multi-product formulae, symplectic integrators, TDVP for tensor networks, quantum signal processing, Crouch-Grossman methods and more. The overall perspective in this work is that of a theoretical physicist. All mathematical proofs as well as some technical details are omitted for easier readability. Instead, this review serves as a hands-on guide and, of course, as a starting point for references that provide further details.

32 + 10 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables; topical review, comments welcome!

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el); High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat); Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)

arXiv:2609.19184 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2609.19184v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.19184 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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