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This research demonstrates a significant leap in precision metrology by utilizing mode-selective atomic Raman quantum memory to achieve frequency resolution twenty times finer than standard linewidths. The ability to coherently store and retrieve specific temporal modes with minimal crosstalk establishes a critical pathway for integrating high-precision time-frequency sensors directly into future quantum networks.
Super-resolving frequency measurement with mode-selective quantum memory
arXiv:2506.20514v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: High-precision optical frequency measurement underpins modern science and technology, yet conventional spectroscopic techniques struggle to resolve sub-linewidth spectral features. Here, we introduce a platform for super-resolved frequency estimation based on a mode-selective atomic Raman quantum memory implemented in warm caesium vapour. By precisely engineering the light-matter interaction, the memory coherently stores the optimal temporal mode with high fidelity and retrieves it on demand, achieving mode crosstalk as low as 0.34%. To estimate the separation between two spectral lines, we experimentally measure the mean squared error of the frequency estimate, reaching a sensitivity of 1/20 of the linewidth and a ($34\pm4$)-fold enhancement in precision over direct intensity measurements. This enhanced frequency resolution, combined with on-demand storage, retrieval, and mode-conversion capabilities, establishes a pathway toward multifunctional memory-based time-frequency sensors and their integration within quantum networks.
Abstract:High-precision optical frequency measurement underpins modern science and technology, yet conventional spectroscopic techniques struggle to resolve sub-linewidth spectral features. Here, we introduce a platform for super-resolved frequency estimation based on a mode-selective atomic Raman quantum memory implemented in warm caesium vapour. By precisely engineering the light-matter interaction, the memory coherently stores the optimal temporal mode with high fidelity and retrieves it on demand, achieving mode crosstalk as low as 0.34%. To estimate the separation between two spectral lines, we experimentally measure the mean squared error of the frequency estimate, reaching a sensitivity of 1/20 of the linewidth and a ($34\pm4$)-fold enhancement in precision over direct intensity measurements. This enhanced frequency resolution, combined with on-demand storage, retrieval, and mode-conversion capabilities, establishes a pathway toward multifunctional memory-based time-frequency sensors and their integration within quantum networks.
Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Optics (physics.optics)
arXiv:2506.20514 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2506.20514v3 [quant-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s44460-026-00073-9 DOI(s) linking to related resources
Full text under the publisher's open licence · 155 words
