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This paper proposes a quantum-enhanced sensing protocol using ion crystals in Penning traps to detect wave-like dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves. By leveraging spin-motion squeezed states, the scheme achieves super-Heisenberg scaling, offering a novel platform for probing previously inaccessible parameter spaces in fundamental physics. The work represents a significant theoretical advance at the intersection of quantum control and cosmological observation.
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Super-Heisenberg protocol for dark matter and high-frequency gravitational wave search

arXiv1 min read

arXiv:2604.22336v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose a quantum-enhanced sensing scheme for the detection of wave-like dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves using two-dimensional ion crystals in a Penning trap. The protocol employs spin-motion squeezed states to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and enable a super-Heisenberg scaling with respect to the number of ions over a broad parameter range. We analyze the sensitivity of the protocol to representative wave-like dark matter candidates, including the axion-like particle and the dark photon, as well as to high-frequency gravitational waves, taking into account the decoherence and dephasing of the ion spins. Our results indicate that two-dimensional ion crystals and this new protocol provide a promising platform for probing previously unexplored parameter space in searches for light dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves.

Abstract:We propose a quantum-enhanced sensing scheme for the detection of wave-like dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves using two-dimensional ion crystals in a Penning trap. The protocol employs spin-motion squeezed states to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and enable a super-Heisenberg scaling with respect to the number of ions over a broad parameter range. We analyze the sensitivity of the protocol to representative wave-like dark matter candidates, including the axion-like particle and the dark photon, as well as to high-frequency gravitational waves, taking into account the decoherence and dephasing of the ion spins. Our results indicate that two-dimensional ion crystals and this new protocol provide a promising platform for probing previously unexplored parameter space in searches for light dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

arXiv:2604.22336 [hep-ph]

(or arXiv:2604.22336v2 [hep-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.1103/582l-4x1y DOI(s) linking to related resources

Full text under the publisher's open licence · 155 words

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