Sparse Feature Policy Unlearning Mitigates State Hallucination in Vision-Language-Action Models

arXiv:2610.09496v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong generalization in robotic manipulation by leveraging rich representations from pretrained vision-language models. However, their deployment in real-world environments remains limited by recurring unreliable behaviors. In this work, we study state hallucination, a recurring failure pattern in which a VLA continues acting as if an unrealized robot-object state had been achieved. Our analyses find that state hallucination coincides with weakened attention to task-relevant visual regions, and a mechanistic interpretation via sparse autoencoders reveals that hallucination-associated sparse features are activated when these failures occur. Based on this analysis, we propose SOUL (Sparse feature pOlicy UnLearning), which selectively unlearns policy knowledge associated with state hallucination behaviors, where sparse features identified from hallucination failures and successful behaviors serve as explicit forgetting and retention targets, respectively. Experiments across VLA architectures in simulated and real-world environments show that our method substantially reduces hallucinated failures and improves task success without substantially compromising the existing manipulation capabilities. These results suggest that interpretable feature analysis provides a practical basis for selectively modifying undesirable knowledge in robot policies.

Abstract:Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong generalization in robotic manipulation by leveraging rich representations from pretrained vision-language models. However, their deployment in real-world environments remains limited by recurring unreliable behaviors. In this work, we study state hallucination, a recurring failure pattern in which a VLA continues acting as if an unrealized robot-object state had been achieved. Our analyses find that state hallucination coincides with weakened attention to task-relevant visual regions, and a mechanistic interpretation via sparse autoencoders reveals that hallucination-associated sparse features are activated when these failures occur. Based on this analysis, we propose SOUL (Sparse feature pOlicy UnLearning), which selectively unlearns policy knowledge associated with state hallucination behaviors, where sparse features identified from hallucination failures and successful behaviors serve as explicit forgetting and retention targets, respectively. Experiments across VLA architectures in simulated and real-world environments show that our method substantially reduces hallucinated failures and improves task success without substantially compromising the existing manipulation capabilities. These results suggest that interpretable feature analysis provides a practical basis for selectively modifying undesirable knowledge in robot policies.

Robotics (cs.RO); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2610.09496 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2610.09496v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.09496 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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Sparse Feature Policy Unlearning Mitigates State Hallucination in Vision-Language-Action Models

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