aiqbench analysis
This research presents a cost-effective method for detecting hallucinations in Persian medical language models by adapting uncertainty heads to operate without repeated sampling or external retrieval. By training lightweight modules on frozen attention maps, the study achieves significant performance gains over random baselines while addressing the high stakes of AI reliability in healthcare contexts. The work highlights critical challenges in low-resource languages and offers a scalable path toward safer deployment of specialized medical LLMs.
Single-Pass Uncertainty Heads for Claim-Level Hallucination Detection in Persian Medical Language Models
arXiv:2610.03482v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hallucination detection is particularly important for medical language models, but repeated-sampling approaches are expensive and existing uncertainty-head resources do not directly transfer to a new backbone and language. We adapt the LLM Uncertainty Head (LUH) framework to Aya-Expanse-8B-based Persian medical models, using Gaokerena-V and Gaokerena-R as two previously developed backbones. We first examine response variability on a 168-question Iranian medical entrance examination and observe substantially lower five-run consistency for Gaokerena-V than for Aya-Expanse-8B, whereas Gaokerena-R is comparable to Aya-Expanse-8B. We then construct two paired claim-level hallucination datasets directly in Persian, containing 1,600 responses for each backbone, and train lightweight claim-level heads on frozen backbone attention maps and token probabilities. On held-out test splits, the heads obtain PR-AUCs of 0.4820 and 0.4652, corresponding to 2.30 and 2.66 times their respective random baselines, and ROC-AUCs of 0.7852 and 0.7810. The heads require neither retrieval nor repeated sampling at inference time. These results provide an initial study of single-pass claim-level uncertainty estimation for Persian medical language models; the test splits are small and the labels are automatically generated.
Abstract:Hallucination detection is particularly important for medical language models, but repeated-sampling approaches are expensive and existing uncertainty-head resources do not directly transfer to a new backbone and language. We adapt the LLM Uncertainty Head (LUH) framework to Aya-Expanse-8B-based Persian medical models, using Gaokerena-V and Gaokerena-R as two previously developed backbones. We first examine response variability on a 168-question Iranian medical entrance examination and observe substantially lower five-run consistency for Gaokerena-V than for Aya-Expanse-8B, whereas Gaokerena-R is comparable to Aya-Expanse-8B. We then construct two paired claim-level hallucination datasets directly in Persian, containing 1,600 responses for each backbone, and train lightweight claim-level heads on frozen backbone attention maps and token probabilities. On held-out test splits, the heads obtain PR-AUCs of 0.4820 and 0.4652, corresponding to 2.30 and 2.66 times their respective random baselines, and ROC-AUCs of 0.7852 and 0.7810. The heads require neither retrieval nor repeated sampling at inference time. These results provide an initial study of single-pass claim-level uncertainty estimation for Persian medical language models; the test splits are small and the labels are automatically generated.
Computation and Language (cs.CL)
arXiv:2610.03482 [cs.CL]
(or arXiv:2610.03482v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.03482 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.
Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.
Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Full text under the publisher's open licence · 270 words
Related coverage
Underwriting Superintelligence: Backing Agents you can Sue — Rune Kvist, AIUC
Latent Space · Sep 16, 2026
[AINews] High Taste Testers Ep. 1
Latent Space · Oct 17, 2026
Latent reasoning architectures would likely undermine CoT, our strongest oversight tool
AI Alignment Forum · Sep 23, 2026
Deconfusing Corrigibility
AI Alignment Forum · Oct 17, 2026