Sensitivity threshold defines the optimal spin subset for ensemble quantum sensing

Abstract:Inhomogeneous broadening and spatial gradients in control fields inevitably produce large variations in characteristic sensitivity across spin ensembles. We derive an analytic expression for the sensitivity of an inhomogeneous ensemble and introduce a sensitivity threshold that identifies the optimal subset of spins. For both pulsed and continuous-wave magnetometry, the optimal ensembles deliver up to an eightfold improvement over conventional schemes relying on nominally uniform regions of the ensemble. We demonstrate phase-only digital holography to implement the optimal ensembles and show that the measured illumination non-uniformity limits the sensitivity by 14%. This approach enables optimal quantum sensing in optically scattering environments.

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)

arXiv:2512.10549 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2512.10549v2 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.10549 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.

Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.

Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.