Self-Localizing MIMO Beam Mapping with Continuously Evolving Channel Memory

Abstract:Machine learning has greatly advanced data-driven channel modeling and resource optimization. However, most existing methods require accurately location-labeled datasets, which are costly to collect and maintain in dynamic environments. This paper develops a self-localizing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beam map framework that constructs a hierarchical wireless memory from highly sparse channel state information (CSI) measurements without explicit location labels. To reduce acquisition and processing overhead, we use beamdomain received signal strength (RSS) as compact inputs and theoretically show that they enable asymptotically unbiased spatial signature estimation. A dual-scale extractor captures intrasnapshot angular dependencies and inter-sample correlations for incomplete observations, and a hybrid temporal encoder is designed to consolidate recent CSI into stable short-term context for physical anchor inference. The inferred anchors spatially index a physically structured radio map embedding that stores long-term channel knowledge, which conditions a diffusion decoder for location-consistent full CSI reconstruction. Such a radio map embedding provides a persistent wireless knowledge representation that can be continuously updated and reused without full CSI acquisition. Experiments show that the proposed framework improves physical-anchor recovery accuracy by over 30% under sparse measurements and achieves more than 20% channel-capacity gain in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) beam tracking over Kalman-filter-based methods.

Signal Processing (eess.SP); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Systems and Control (eess.SY)

arXiv:2511.17007 [eess.SP]

(or arXiv:2511.17007v3 [eess.SP] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.17007 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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