aiqbench analysis
This paper establishes a unified scaling framework for quantum networks, introducing "entanglement transport" to evaluate performance across multi-user architectures based on node count and delivery distance. By distinguishing between resource-layer capacity and physical-layer service rates, the study reveals how aggregation strategies fundamentally alter throughput limits in noisy implementations. These findings provide critical benchmarks for designing scalable quantum internet protocols that balance connectivity with realistic hardware constraints.
Scaling Laws of Quantum Networks: An Entanglement Transport Framework
arXiv:2609.39690v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As quantum networks move toward multi-user architectures, a central question is how the performance of entanglement distribution scales with the numbers of network nodes $N$ and active users $M$, yet existing studies use different objectives, resource assumptions, and normalizations. To account for delivery distance under multi-user demand, we define entanglement transport, which weights each delivered Bell pair meeting a fixed fidelity threshold by its endpoint separation. In a two-layer framework, (i) a resource layer measures capacity per activation slot under different aggregation regimes, and (ii) a physical layer measures service per second under implementation constraints. For matched implementations with a bounded number of activation slots per second, asymptotic-aggregation capacity sets a service ceiling, whereas achievable service must be established separately. On expanding honeycomb lattices with one random session, fixed-window entanglement-percolation constructions achieve $\Theta(N^{-1})$ entanglement transport per activation slot below their thresholds and $\Theta(\sqrt N)$ above them. For homogeneous chains, asymptotic aggregation exceeds fixed-window capacity by a factor $\Theta(N^2/M)$, and in spatial expansion a noisy physical implementation achieves $\Theta(M/N)$ service per second. These examples show that entanglement-transport scaling depends not only on connectivity but also on resource aggregation and physical implementation. The framework provides a common basis on which quantum-network scaling laws can be established.
Abstract:As quantum networks move toward multi-user architectures, a central question is how the performance of entanglement distribution scales with the numbers of network nodes $N$ and active users $M$, yet existing studies use different objectives, resource assumptions, and normalizations. To account for delivery distance under multi-user demand, we define entanglement transport, which weights each delivered Bell pair meeting a fixed fidelity threshold by its endpoint separation. In a two-layer framework, (i) a resource layer measures capacity per activation slot under different aggregation regimes, and (ii) a physical layer measures service per second under implementation constraints. For matched implementations with a bounded number of activation slots per second, asymptotic-aggregation capacity sets a service ceiling, whereas achievable service must be established separately. On expanding honeycomb lattices with one random session, fixed-window entanglement-percolation constructions achieve $\Theta(N^{-1})$ entanglement transport per activation slot below their thresholds and $\Theta(\sqrt N)$ above them. For homogeneous chains, asymptotic aggregation exceeds fixed-window capacity by a factor $\Theta(N^2/M)$, and in spatial expansion a noisy physical implementation achieves $\Theta(M/N)$ service per second. These examples show that entanglement-transport scaling depends not only on connectivity but also on resource aggregation and physical implementation. The framework provides a common basis on which quantum-network scaling laws can be established.
arXiv:2609.39690 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2609.39690v1 [quant-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.39690 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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Full text under the publisher's open licence · 295 words
