SAPS: Shared Autonomy for Policy Steering by Blending Teleoperation with a Pretrained VLA

Abstract:Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models perform well in generalist robot manipulation but remain brittle to out-of-distribution perturbations, while full human teleoperation is cognitively demanding. To bridge this gap, we introduce Shared Autonomy for Policy Steering (SAPS), a lightweight framework that blends real-time human teleoperation commands with pretrained VLA actions. SAPS operates purely at the action level, requiring no policy retraining, auxiliary dynamics models, or architectural modifications. We evaluate three arbitration strategies across simulated (LIBERO, CALVIN) and real-world evaluations. In a 14-person user study, SAPS achieved up to 77.4% hardware success, compared with 8.3% for full autonomy and 34.5% for teleoperation. Furthermore, active human intervention was required only 45% of the time, reducing NASA-TLX workload by 20.8% in simulation and 28.2% on hardware. A case study with an expert user with quadriplegia similarly demonstrated matched or improved success while reducing completion time. These results highlight SAPS as a highly effective, model-agnostic approach for reliable real-world deployment and assistive teleoperation. A website with additional details is located at this http URL.

Robotics (cs.RO)

arXiv:2606.15568 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2606.15568v2 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.15568 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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