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This study presents a unified theoretical framework combining finite-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with the Lindblad master equation to model hydrogen molecule ionization. The research identifies how photon, electron, and phonon dissipation regulate stabilization pathways within closed and open quantum systems. By establishing fundamental constraints on maximum ionization probability through orbital hybridization, it lays groundwork for future experiments in cavity QED and quantum-controlled chemistry.
Quantum electrodynamic description of ionization of the neutral hydrogen molecule
arXiv:2511.21430v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We investigate hydrogen molecule ionization within a unified framework combining finite-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with the Lindblad master equation, enabling systematic comparison across closed, dissipative, and influx-driven open systems. Our results reveal a universal tendency toward neutral $\mathrm{H}_2$ formation. Photon dissipation ($\gamma_\Omega$) accelerates stabilization, while electron ($\gamma_\mathrm{e}$) and phonon ($\gamma_\omega$) dissipation play distinct regulatory roles. Particle influx ($\mu_k$) induces complex energy redistribution, populating the atomic state $|\mathrm{H},\mathrm{H}\rangle$. The ionization pathway is highly sensitive to initial photon number and composition, which control spin-selective excitation channels. An embedded anode model confirms that orbital hybridization fundamentally constrains the maximum ionization probability to $3/4$. This work provides a unified theoretical foundation for quantum-controlled chemistry and cavity QED experiments.
Abstract:We investigate hydrogen molecule ionization within a unified framework combining finite-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with the Lindblad master equation, enabling systematic comparison across closed, dissipative, and influx-driven open systems. Our results reveal a universal tendency toward neutral $\mathrm{H}_2$ formation. Photon dissipation ($\gamma_\Omega$) accelerates stabilization, while electron ($\gamma_\mathrm{e}$) and phonon ($\gamma_\omega$) dissipation play distinct regulatory roles. Particle influx ($\mu_k$) induces complex energy redistribution, populating the atomic state $|\mathrm{H},\mathrm{H}\rangle$. The ionization pathway is highly sensitive to initial photon number and composition, which control spin-selective excitation channels. An embedded anode model confirms that orbital hybridization fundamentally constrains the maximum ionization probability to $3/4$. This work provides a unified theoretical foundation for quantum-controlled chemistry and cavity QED experiments.
arXiv:2511.21430 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2511.21430v3 [quant-ph] for this version)
Modern Physics Letters B 40, No. 20, p. 2650148 (2026)
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984926501484 DOI(s) linking to related resources
Full text under the publisher's open licence · 137 words
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