aiqbench analysis

This study establishes a fundamental mathematical boundary where self-adjointness—a prerequisite for physical validity—holds only when coupling operators are normal and involve two or fewer photons. The research demonstrates that non-normal operators circumvent this limit entirely, offering new pathways to model complex multiphoton interactions in quantum optics without framework instability. These findings refine the theoretical constraints governing Hamiltonian stability as experimental capabilities advance toward higher-order photon exchanges.