PatchKV: Weight-Space Compensation of KV Cache

Abstract:Long-context inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the linearly growing memory of the key-value (KV) cache. Existing compression methods reduce the cache through token eviction or approximation, but degrade sharply at aggressive compression budgets. We propose PatchKV, a training-free framework that compensates KV cache compression methods by carrying part of the context in the model's weights. PatchKV pairs an off-the-shelf compressed KV cache with a context-specific weight patch, which is computed once at context-loading time and served for downstream queries for the context. The weight patch is derived in closed form via ridge regression, by aligning the block-wise activations of context-derived reference query tokens under the full cache and the compressed cache. Once merged into the model, the patch leaves the forward graph and per-query inference cost unchanged in the single-context, multi-query setting. Across long-context QA (SCBench with up to 170K tokens, SQuAD, NIAH) and math (GSM8K) benchmarks on three model architectures, PatchKV consistently improves cache compression methods, suggesting an alternative direction to compensate them at aggressive budgets.

NeurIPS 2026. Code available at: this https URL

Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2609.39329 [cs.LG]

(or arXiv:2609.39329v1 [cs.LG] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.39329 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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