On Preference Coverage Collapse from Hindsight Relabeling in Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning

Abstract:Hindsight relabeling which retroactively replacing a transition's goal with the outcome the agent actually achieved is an effective tool for improving sample-efficiency in Reinforcement Learning (RL). A natural extension to preference-conditioned multi-objective RL (MORL) relabels transitions with the preference direction the agent achieved rather than the one asked for. We show that this extension is frequently harmful: across four preference-conditioned off-policy algorithms spanning two critic backbones and two preference-sampling schemes on the continuous-control MO-Gymnasium suite, it degrades 19 of 36 algorithm-environment settings by as much as four standard deviations, improves only one, and leaves the rest unaffected. The harm is not a symptom of noisy relabels; denoising the target recovers almost nothing, and neither prioritized sampling nor any buffer-structural choice reproduces it. Instead, repeated relabeling collapses the critic's coverage onto whatever narrow region of the preference space the agent happened to visit. We name this failure mode \emph{Preference Coverage Collapse}, and quantify it with abandoned preference mass (APM), a value-aware statistic that tracks the harm ($\rho = -0.73$) where a purely structural coverage count does not. We then introduce \texttt{her\_mix}, a single-parameter convex combination pulling the achieved direction back towards the requested preference. At one fixed value across every algorithm and environment, it returns 16 of the 19 harmed settings to baseline, preserves and even improves the one setting in which relabeling helps, and cuts abandoned preference mass from $69\%$ to $6\%$. Protecting coverage over the preference simplex, not filtering noisy relabels, is what makes hindsight relabeling safe for MORL.

Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2609.26918 [cs.LG]

(or arXiv:2609.26918v1 [cs.LG] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.26918 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.

Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.

Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.