Observation of vector rogue waves in repulsive three-component atomic mixtures

Abstract:Rogue waves are extreme evanescent nonlinear structures that are challenging to observe in atomic gases, as their emergence requires a dynamically unstable attractive environment. Here, we report the experimental observation of vector extensions of Peregrine solitons in highly particle-imbalanced, pairwise immiscible three-component repulsive Bose-Einstein condensates. The possibility of an effectively attractive character of the minority components is established by constructing a generalized reduction scheme for an imbalanced N -component setup with arbitrary interaction signs. These components are subject to intra- and inter-component modulation instability, which along with the presence of an attractive potential well induces the dynamical formation of highly reproducible vector rogue waves. Exploiting different Rb hyperfine states, it is possible to flexibly tune the effective interactions stimulating the realization of a plethora of vector rogue waves, including single and double Peregrine-like wave peaks. The experimental findings are in quantitative agreement with suitable three-dimensional mean-field simulations, while quasi-one-dimensional analysis of the non-polynomial Schroedinger model provides additional insights into the rogue wave characteristics.

Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

arXiv:2510.24917 [cond-mat.quant-gas]

(or arXiv:2510.24917v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.24917 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02818-x Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources

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