Nonlinear Diamagnetic Interactions in Ultrastrongly Coupled 2D Electrons

Authors:Dasom Kim, Kiran M. Kulkarni, Vaibhav Sharma, Dukhyung Lee, Geon Lee, Sunghwan Kim, Jonas Grumm, Shuang Liang, Hongjing Xu, Fuyang Tay, Andrey Baydin, Motoaki Bamba, Andreas Knorr, Christopher J. Stanton, Michael J. Manfra, Minah Seo, Stephen Hughes, Junichiro Kono

Abstract:The quantum Hopfield model is widely used to describe ultrastrong light--matter coupling between cavity photons and collective bosonic excitations in solids, where the diamagnetic interaction is conventionally assumed to be a constant. We experimentally demonstrate that the diamagnetic response of Landau polaritons is reduced under strong terahertz field excitation. We show that this behavior originates from field-driven redistribution of electrons into the nonparabolic regime of the conduction band of GaAs, which reduces the plasma frequency and consequently the diamagnetic interaction strength. A microscopic hot-electron model reproduces the observed nonlinear response. Motivated by this microscopic picture, we propose a nonlinear extension of the Hopfield model with a Kerr-like interaction. Our results establish a route toward nonlinear cavity quantum electrodynamics and driven ultrastrong light--matter coupling beyond the conventional linear Hopfield description, which is capable of creating uniquely quantum optical effects such as squeezed light generation.

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)

arXiv:2608.20578 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2608.20578v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.20578 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)