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This study demonstrates that ultrafast picosecond pulses can bypass thermal and vortex-induced limitations to probe the intrinsic depairing limits of type-II superconductors like NbN. By transiently suppressing Cooper pairs faster than heat diffusion occurs, researchers have revealed current densities up to 2.2 times higher than conventional measurements allow. These findings provide a critical pathway for developing next-generation superconducting electronics that operate at significantly higher power densities without self-heating constraints.

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NbN and YBCO superconductors tested with picosecond bursts

Quantum ZeitgeistSeptember 24, 20265 min read

Picosecond pulses drove supercurrents to their limit in type-II superconductors like NbN and YBa₂Cu₃O₇.

Researchers drove supercurrents to 2.2 times the conventional critical current density in niobium nitride, or NbN, using picosecond electrical pulses, bursts lasting trillionths of a second. This technique bypasses limitations caused by vortex motion and self-heating, allowing a probe of superconductors' intrinsic depairing limits unattainable with standard measurements. These results provide a new way to explore superconductors and potentially support electronics operating at higher current limits. Picosecond electrical pulses enabled the observation of intrinsic depairing currents in niobium nitride, revealing a current density approximately 2.2 times greater than conventionally measured critical current levels. This achievement bypasses limitations imposed by vortex motion and self-heating, phenomena that…

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