Multicritical dissipative phase transitions manipulated by dipole--dipole interactions

Abstract:Precise control of criticality in superradiant phase transitions is essential for quantum state engineering and the simulation of nonequilibrium phase transitions. Here, we investigate theoretically multicritical phenomena in a dissipative two-Rydberg-atom cavity--QED system. The intrinisic dipole--dipole interaction between the two Rydberg atoms restructures the energy-level landscape of the atomic subsystem, thereby significantly modifying the boundary of the continuous second-order superradiant phase transition, and shifting both the phase boundary and the multicritical point toward weaker atom--cavity strengths. For sufficiently strong dipole--dipole interactions, the continuous second-order phase transition and the multicritical point both disappear, leaving only a discontinuous first--order phase transition that enables the emergence of a superradiant phase even at arbitrarily weak atom--cavity coupling. This work is of fundamental interest for studying dissipative quantum phase transitions, with potential implications for quantum precision measurement and quantum sensing.

arXiv:2607.20905 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2607.20905v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.20905 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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