Modelling non-linear aeroelastic loads in long-span bridges with extreme learning machines

Abstract:Accurate modelling of aerodynamic loads is essential for predicting instabilities and ensuring the safety of long-span bridges. A methodology is introduced for modelling aerodynamic self-excited forces in bridge-deck cross-sections using extreme learning machines (ELMs). ELMs, as single-layer feedforward neural networks, offer efficient training and accurate predictions. Forced-oscillation datasets from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or wind-tunnel experiments are used for training, enabling systematic data selection to capture non-linear aerodynamic behaviour often missed by semi-analytical approaches. Once trained, the model predicts self-excited loads for any arbitrary motion composed by frequencies and amplitudes within the training domain. Comparisons with analytical, semi-analytical, and CFD results show superior accuracy in capturing non-linear force components and close agreement for aerodynamic loads and flutter wind speeds. Training required about 1.1\% of the time of a conventional neural network, and coupled flutter analysis runs in seconds, providing orders-of-magnitude speed-ups over CFD. These results indicate that ELM-based frameworks are accurate, practical, and efficient alternatives for modelling self-excited loads, particularly when preliminary CFD or wind-tunnel data are available. The presented approach offers a reliable data-driven technique for aeroelastic load modelling in long-span bridges.

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2609.33274 [cs.CE]

(or arXiv:2609.33274v1 [cs.CE] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.33274 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.25.00003 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources

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