Measuring the Creativity of Frontier LLMs in Automated Research

Abstract:Frontier LLMs are increasingly capable of conducting automated research, yet their creativity in this setting has not been systematically evaluated. In this paper, we propose a set of metrics to evaluate creativity along the two dimensions of valueness and novelty. Valueness assesses whether each proposed idea is useful, while novelty is evaluated from three perspectives: whether the same idea has appeared before (Exact-Match P-Novelty), whether a previously unexplored variable or variable combination is explored (Variable-level P-Novelty), and whether the idea directly follows retrieved external knowledge or departs from it (H-Novelty). Our evaluation shows that the models achieve relatively similar scores on most creativity metrics, but differ substantially in Variable-level P-Novelty, which reflects the breadth of research-space exploration. Further correlation and idea-level performance analyses show that Variable-level P-Novelty is the creativity dimension most strongly associated with research performance.

Computation and Language (cs.CL)

arXiv:2609.14057 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2609.14057v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.14057 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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