Locomotion-Grounded Humanoid Soccer: Task-Gated Reinforcement Learning of a Multi-Directional Kicking Library

Abstract:Recent humanoid soccer systems make motion tracking the substrate and derive locomotion from it, typically by steering a motion-reference anchor toward the ball. This yields strong shooting results, but locomotion is trained only on the narrow, deterministic command distribution ball approach induces, never evaluated as a capability in its own right. We invert the stack: a general, command-conditioned locomotion policy is trained first as the substrate, and N motion-guided kicking skills are added on top as task-gated layers, so the reachable gait space is set by the locomotion curriculum rather than any reference clip. Because every skill starts from and returns to this same commandable state, locomotion also becomes a composition hub (O(N) transitions rather than O(N^2)), and post-strike stabilisation is handed back to the trained controller rather than scripted per clip. We instantiate this on a 29-DoF Unitree G1 with seven retargeted kicking skills spanning 259.5 degrees of nominal aim direction, including lateral, rearward and weak-foot strikes a single forward-facing reference cannot express, and report shooting accuracy alongside command-tracking, terrain and push-recovery results with the full skill library attached, an axis prior humanoid soccer systems do not report. The library is validated on hardware across forward, lateral, rearward and commanded approaches.

Robotics (cs.RO)

arXiv:2609.38852 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2609.38852v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.38852 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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