K-TRAIL: Simulator-Guided Generative Design of EM/RF Circuits

Abstract:Inverse design of RF and electromagnetic (EM) circuits is challenging because the relationship between circuit layout and electrical response is non-unique, and full-wave simulation is computationally expensive. This paper presents K-TRAIL, a simulator-guided generative framework for automated EM/RF circuit synthesis. K-TRAIL combines diffusion-based layout generation with derivative-free ensemble Kalman guidance, allowing feedback from a black-box EM simulator to refine candidate layouts during generation without requiring adjoint sensitivities or differentiable solver models. The framework supports both synthesis from prescribed S-parameter responses and synthesis directly from RF performance constraints. Experiments on multi-layer RFIC structures show that simulator-guided generation improves agreement with target responses and can identify structurally distinct layouts that satisfy circuit-level design requirements. The proposed approach provides a practical path toward generative, verification-aware RF circuit design while retaining the flexibility to explore diverse layout topologies.

Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2609.23183 [cs.LG]

(or arXiv:2609.23183v1 [cs.LG] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.23183 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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