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Researchers at Peking University have successfully extended fluctuation theorems to describe autonomous work in quantum systems using projective measurements on mixed thermal states. Their analysis of the Dicke model reveals that inherent noncommutativity prevents a direct reduction to classical or non-autonomous counterparts, even when backaction from the work source is negligible. This theoretical advancement clarifies fundamental limits for designing realistic quantum engines where energy exchange dynamics differ significantly from classical thermodynamics.

Source coveringQuantum Zeitgeist

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Jarzynski Theorem Extended to Quantum Autonomous Work

Quantum ZeitgeistJuly 28, 20265 min read

Researchers extended fluctuation theorems to the quantum realm, deriving Jarzynski-type relations for autonomous work—dynamics where the work source impacts the system.

Researchers at Peking University have extended fluctuation theorems for autonomous work from the classical regime to the quantum regime. Xiu-Hua Zhao and H. T. Quan, both at Peking University, derived Jarzynski-type and Crooks-type fluctuation theorems for autonomous inclusive work from initial mixed thermal states by performing successive projective measurements. However, quantum noncommutativity prevents a consistent reduction to the nonautonomous counterparts, even in the limit of a large work source and correspondingly negligible backaction. The findings are illustrated with the Dicke model, where a single-mode radiation field and an…

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