Heisenberg Echo Symmetrization for Gate-Insertion Error Mitigation

Abstract:Gate insertion (GI) quantum error mitigation replaces involutory gates such as CZ and CX with 2j+1 repetitions of the same gates to nominally amplify noise by the same factor. Analytical and experimental results show that this amplification scaling fails for non-commuting gate noise, as typically encountered in realistic devices. Here we introduce Heisenberg-echo symmetrization (HES), which combines standard GI with an echo inspired by the Heisenberg representation to cancel the leading GI error. In our simulations, HES reduces the absolute fidelity error by one to two orders of magnitude compared with GI. Unlike the more accurate Layered-KIK method, HES is compatible with any hardware and requires only circuit-level access. It enables virtual noise scaling across platforms, potentially reducing sampling overhead substantially. Its agnostic noise amplification also provides full resilience to temporal noise drift. For pure initial states, however, high-rank observables can substantially increase the echo variance relative to non-echoed circuits, whereas rank-one observables incur no additional sampling overhead compared with GI or Layered-KIK. HES is therefore particularly suited to rank-one or nearly rank-one observables.

arXiv:2610.11372 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2610.11372v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.11372 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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