GLaMoR: Consistency Checking of OWL Ontologies using Graph Language Models

Abstract:Semantic reasoning aims to infer new knowledge from existing knowledge, with OWL ontologies serving as a standardized framework for organizing information. A key challenge in semantic reasoning is verifying ontology consistency. However, state-of-the-art reasoners are computationally expensive, and their efficiency decreases as ontology sizes grow. While classical machine learning models have been explored for consistency checking of A-Box axioms, considering T-Boxes remains unaddressed. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results for natural language inference but perform poorly on logical reasoning. The recently introduced Graph Language Model (GLM) offers a way to simultaneously process graph-structured data and text. This paper proposes GLaMoR (Graph Language Model for Reasoning), a reasoning pipeline that transforms OWL ontologies into graph-structured data and adapts the GLM architecture for consistency checking. We evaluate GLaMoR on ontologies from the NCBO BioPortal repository, converting them into triples suitable for model input. Our results show that the GLM outperforms all baseline models, achieving $95\%$ accuracy, and is $20$ times faster than classical reasoners.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2504.19023 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2504.19023v2 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.19023 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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