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This paper proposes Future-Back Threat Modeling (FBTM), a predictive framework that shifts cybersecurity defense from reactive analysis of past incidents to anticipating emerging threats driven by future capabilities like AI. By working backward from envisioned future threat states, the methodology aims to expose architectural blind spots and unknown vulnerabilities before adversaries can exploit them with advanced tactics. This approach is critical for building resilient security postures against evolving risks in information warfare and supply chain attacks where current knowledge may be insufficient.
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Future-Back Threat Modeling: A Foresight-Driven Security Framework

arXiv3 min read

arXiv:2511.16088v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Traditional threat modeling remains reactive-focused on known TTPs and past incident data, while threat prediction and forecasting frameworks are often disconnected from operational or architectural artifacts. This creates a fundamental weakness: the most serious cyber threats often do not arise from what is known, but from what is assumed, overlooked, or not yet conceived, and frequently originate from the future, such as artificial intelligence, information warfare, and supply chain attacks, where adversaries continuously develop new exploits that can bypass defenses built on current knowledge. To address this mental gap, this paper introduces the theory and methodology of Future-Back Threat Modeling (FBTM). This predictive approach begins with envisioned future threat states and works backward to identify assumptions, gaps, blind spots, and vulnerabilities in the current defense architecture, providing a clearer and more accurate view of impending threats so that we can anticipate their emergence and shape the future we want through actions taken now. The proposed methodology further aims to reveal known unknowns and unknown unknowns, including tactics, techniques, and procedures that are emerging, anticipated, and plausible. This enhances the predictability of adversary behavior, particularly under future uncertainty, helping security leaders make informed decisions today that shape more resilient security postures for the future.

arXiv:2511.16088 (cs)

Abstract:Traditional threat modeling remains reactive-focused on known TTPs and past incident data, while threat prediction and forecasting frameworks are often disconnected from operational or architectural artifacts. This creates a fundamental weakness: the most serious cyber threats often do not arise from what is known, but from what is assumed, overlooked, or not yet conceived, and frequently originate from the future, such as artificial intelligence, information warfare, and supply chain attacks, where adversaries continuously develop new exploits that can bypass defenses built on current knowledge. To address this mental gap, this paper introduces the theory and methodology of Future-Back Threat Modeling (FBTM). This predictive approach begins with envisioned future threat states and works backward to identify assumptions, gaps, blind spots, and vulnerabilities in the current defense architecture, providing a clearer and more accurate view of impending threats so that we can anticipate their emergence and shape the future we want through actions taken now. The proposed methodology further aims to reveal known unknowns and unknown unknowns, including tactics, techniques, and procedures that are emerging, anticipated, and plausible. This enhances the predictability of adversary behavior, particularly under future uncertainty, helping security leaders make informed decisions today that shape more resilient security postures for the future.

Cryptography and Security (cs.CR); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computers and Society (cs.CY)

arXiv:2511.16088 [cs.CR]

(or arXiv:2511.16088v3 [cs.CR] for this version)

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Full text under the publisher's open licence · 296 words

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