Finding Emotions Where They Belong: Rethinking Audio Emotion Recognition through Masked Temporal Affective Grounding

Abstract:Audio emotion recognition (AER) typically assigns a single label to an entire recording, leaving the temporal scope of that label ambiguous when multiple speakers and affective events are present. We address this limitation by reformulating AER as a Temporal Affective Grounding (TAG) task that associates emotions with temporally bounded speech spans and vocal tone descriptions. To support this formulation, we curate temporally annotated versions of existing emotion recognition datasets and construct recordings containing two to four affective speech spans, including overlapping speech. Training in this longer format with a standard language-modeling objective can degrade both emotion recognition and temporal grounding performance, while tone descriptions can provide shortcuts for emotion prediction. To address these challenges, we introduce Masked Temporal Affective Grounding (M-TAG), a supervised training objective that combines full-sequence language modeling with emotion and timestamp cross-entropy losses under attention masking. The masking varies the context visible to emotion-label tokens to reduce reliance on shortcuts and improve generalization, while the timestamp loss incorporates a distance-aware weight to penalize larger temporal errors. We evaluate EMO-TAG, a model fine-tuned using our dataset and objective, on emotion recognition and affective temporal-grounding against three AER and audio-language baselines: Flamingo-Next, Audio-Reasoner, and AffectGPT. Our results show that existing models achieve limited affective temporal-grounding despite competitive emotion recognition performance.

Sound (cs.SD); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)

arXiv:2609.32804 [cs.SD]

(or arXiv:2609.32804v1 [cs.SD] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.32804 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.

Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.

Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.