Exact semantic readout from compressed vector representations

Abstract:We characterize when compressed vector representations admit exact linear or affine readouts of a finite lexicon's truth conditions: one fixed map per predicate, sending each entity vector to the corresponding truth vector. A necessary and sufficient row-space condition determines existence; the augmented truth matrix has rank r, giving minimum dimension r in the linear case, and r-1 in the affine. Exact readouts return values in a shared truth basis on which Boolean connectives act unchanged; separability alone requires an intervening threshold. For binary relations, exact bilinear readout of identity or strict total order requires linearly independent entity vectors. Experiments with GloVe and word2vec distinguish exact affine recovery, linear separability, and held-out prediction: most predicates are strictly separable, but none admits an exact affine readout from the pretrained embeddings. Supervised transductive training attains exact affine recovery to numerical precision at every tested dimension meeting the bound. At the embeddings' original dimension, geometries constrained to exact linear recovery retain 98-99 percent of the pretrained variance on the feature norms, and 80-83 percent on the WordNet lexicon.

Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)

F.4.1; I.2.7; I.2.6

arXiv:2609.18047 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2609.18047v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.18047 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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