Evidence-Unit Fairness and the Limits of Query-Adaptive Sparse-Dense Fusion in Financial Document Retrieval

Abstract:Retrieval over financial filings is difficult because queries are short and acronym-heavy while the answer-bearing evidence sits inside long, table-dense documents. We study sparse-dense hybrid retrieval on FinDER, a benchmark of expert-annotated questions over corporate 10-K filings. Our first finding is methodological: if the retrieval unit is larger than the dense encoder's input window, the dense model never sees a large share of the labeled evidence, confounding comparison against a full-text sparse baseline. We measure this directly and remove it by segmenting the corpus into encoder-sized windows. On the corrected corpus, fusing BM25 and a compact dense encoder improves reference-level Hit@10 by roughly 28 percent over either component, and training-free, untuned reciprocal rank fusion exceeds the equal-weight blend in an exploratory comparison. We then ask whether choosing the fusion weight per query helps: an oracle over the interpolation-weight grid shows headroom of 21.8 percent, yet none of the three lightweight adaptive routers (a score-confidence heuristic, a random forest over query features, and a ridge regressor over query embeddings) establishes a statistically reliable improvement over the fixed blend under company-grouped cross-validation with cluster-robust inference. Simple fusion is a strong baseline here, and we discuss why per-query weighting does not capture the available headroom.

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2608.00183 [cs.CE]

(or arXiv:2608.00183v1 [cs.CE] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.00183 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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