Engagement Process: Rethinking the Temporal Interface of Action and Observation

Abstract:Task completion in digital and physical environments increasingly involves complex temporal interaction, where actions and observations unfold over different time scales rather than align with fixed observation--action steps. To model such interactions, we propose \emph{Engagement Process} (EP), an interaction formalism that inherits the decision-theoretic structure of POMDPs while making time explicit in the action--observation interface. EP represents actions and observations as decoupled event streams along time, rather than updates paired at fixed decision steps. This interface captures single-agent timing issues such as deliberation latency, delayed feedback, and persistent actions, while supporting richer agent-side organization, multi-rate coordination, and compositional interaction among subsystems. Across toy, LLM-agent, and learning experiments, EP exposes temporal behaviors hidden by step-based interfaces and enables policies to adapt under explicit time costs.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2605.11484 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2605.11484v2 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.11484 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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