Development of a Physics-Informed Neural Framework, MEOWN, for Rapid Prediction of Muon Stopping Sites in Crystalline Materials, for understanding Quantum Magnet employing Muon Spectroscopy

Abstract:Muon-spin rotation/relaxation is one of the most powerful microscopic probes for understanding magnetic order, spin dynamics, superconductivity, and complex magnetic phases in emerging quantum materials. Quantitative interpretation depends critically on the accurate identification of the muon stopping site, a problem traditionally addressed using density functional theory-based structural relaxation. However, conventional DFT approaches are computationally demanding, time-consuming, and require extensive calculations. Here, we develop MEOWN (Muon Engine for Optimized Weighted Networks), a machine-learning-based, physics-informed computational framework that combines a Polarizable Unperturbed Electrostatic Potential (P-UEP) model with machine-learning-guided optimization and symmetry-driven relaxation to predict energetically favorable muon stopping sites in crystalline solids. MEOWN explicitly incorporates electrostatic interactions, electronic screening, polarization effects, and zero-point motion into the learning workflow, providing physically interpretable predictions with substantially reduced computational cost while maintaining physical consistency and scientific rigor. To validate the framework, we investigated several well-established benchmark materials, including MnSi, CoF2, CaF2, LiF, and NaF. The predicted muon stopping sites and dipolar fields are in close agreement with previously reported DFT+mu results, demonstrating the reliability and transferability of the approach across chemically diverse systems. Notably, MEOWN predicts the equilibrium muon stopping site within a few minutes, offering a significant speedup over conventional DFT-based calculations. This manuscript presents the theoretical foundations, computational methodology, and validation of MEOWN as a general-purpose software for rapid and reliable muon stopping-site prediction in crystalline materials.

Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci); Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el); Mathematical Physics (math-ph); Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

arXiv:2609.17063 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]

(or arXiv:2609.17063v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.17063 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)