Deterministic Minimum-Leakage Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Phase-Conjugated Twin Beams

Abstract:Minimum-leakage continuous-variable quantum key distribution suppresses Eve's Holevo information by engineering the signal ensemble during state preparation. The existing symmetric realization relies on Alice-side heralding. Here we propose an alternative two-mode symmetric realization that is deterministic without heralding. The minimum-leakage condition of the new protocol requires transmitting two phase-conjugated twin beams (PCTB). We show that the PCTB protocol is related to the heralding protocol through a common entanglement-based source but corresponds to a different prepare-and-measure decomposition. The two protocols attain the same secret key rate per transmitted optical mode in the very-large-squeezing limit. For finite squeezing, however, the PCTB protocol requires approximately 3 dB less squeezing to achieve the same performance. We further optimize mode-symmetric Gaussian two-mode entangling-cloner attacks and find that correlated ancillary modes provide only a limited advantage over independent attacks under the minimum-leakage condition. These results establish phase-conjugated twin beams as a deterministic and experimentally appealing route to symmetric minimum-leakage CV-QKD.

arXiv:2607.12432 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2607.12432v2 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.12432 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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